专题三阅读理解近3年阅读理解考情分析年份体裁题材命题角度细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题词义猜测题2016A.应用文B．说明文C．说明文D．记叙文广告宣传科普说明科普说明人物故事83312015A.应用文B．说明文C．议论文D．议论文广告宣传科普说明说理议论说理议论52622014A.说明文B．议论文C．说明文D．应用文广告宣传说理议论科普说明人物故事7143考向预测2017年将继续从细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测四个方面考查考生的阅读理解能力，考点设置会与2016年基本相同。而从题材来看，广告应用类及说理议论类仍是考查重点。模式1|细节理解题事实认定数学计算顺序排列图表鉴别通过阅读，认定文中出现的who，what，when，where，which，how等具体事实信息。对文中所涉及的年代、年龄、数量、钱款等进行规整、计算、换算，得出试题所要求的答案。对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序的关系进行恰当排序。用图表代替具体事实，使文中的某些信息更直观、更形象地得以展现。解题技巧(1)略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。(2)读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。(3)通过直接信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。(4)重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。[典例1](2016·江苏高考·B)Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom—hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive(认知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat，evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers'interests.B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food.D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.59．MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey________．A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull,本文...
