Period2GrammarTargetlanguage目标语言1.Wordsandexpressions重点词汇和短语pair,since2.Keysentences重点句子Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?Ihavebeenskatingsince9o’clock.Ihavebeenskatingforfivehours.Howlongdidyouskate?Iskatedfortwohours.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablestudentstouse“Howlonghaveyoubeendoing...?”and“I’vebeendoing...since/for...”structure.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Helpstudentslearnhowtousesince/forinpresentperfectprogressivetense.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Thedifferencebetweensimplepasttenseandpresentperfectprogressivetense.Teachingaids教具准备Projectorandslide.Teachingproceduresandways教学过程与方式StepIListening(2a,2b,P45)Studentswilllistentotherecordinganddealwithactivities2aand2bonpage45.Theywillheartheuseofforandsinceinthepresentperfectprogressivetense.Thentheywilldosomegroupworktopracticeitorally.T:Inthefirstperiod,welistenedtoaTVreporterinterviewingsomemarathonparticipants.OneofthemisAlison.Doyouremember?Finally,hewontheskatingmarathon.NowtheTVreporterisinterviewinghim.Turntopage45,lookat2a.Herearesixquestions.Whichquestionsdidthereporterask?Gothroughthequestionsfirst.Thenlistentotheinterviewandtickthequestionsyouhear.Playtherecording.Thenchecktheanswerbyaskingstudentstoreadthecompletequestions.T:Nowwe’vegotthequestions.Theanswerstothesequestionsarealsogiveninactivity2a.Let’slistentotheinterviewagainandmatchthem.Playtherecordingagain.Thenchecktheanswers.T:Sowhatarethedifferentusesofthetwowords?Writethetwowordsforandsinceontheboard.T:Sinceusuallycomesbeforeadateorapointoftimewhileforcomesbeforeaperiodoftime.Buttheybothintroduceadverbialoftimeinpresentperfectprogressivetense.Understand?Letstudentsgivesomeexamplesforeachword.SinceFor1990manyyearslastFridayacentury8:45severalhoursthewarbrokeoutthreeweeksThenletthemgivecompletesentencesusingtheseexamples.Samplesentences:Hehasbeenlivingalonesincethewarbrokeout.IthasbeenrainingsincelastFriday.Wehavebeenplayingbasketballforseveralhours.OneofmyfriendhasbeenpracticingYogaformanyyears.T:Whatisthedifferencebetween“Howlongdidyouskate?”and“Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?”Explainthat“did”questionmeansthatthepersonhasstoppeddoingtheaction.While“havebeendoing”questionshowsthatthepersoniscontinuingtodotheactionatthemoment.StepIIPairwork(2c,P45)Inthisstep,studentswillpracticetheintervieworally.T:Nowworkinpairsandroleplaytheinterview.Oneisthereporter.AnotheroneisAlison.Roleplaytheinterview.Theyaresupposedtopracticeusingthesimplepasttenseandpresentperfectprogressivetenseintheirconversation.Sampleconversation:A:Alison,congratulationsonwinningtheskatingmarathon!B:Thankyou.A:So,howlongdidyouskatetoday?B:Forsixhours!A:Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon?B:No,Iskatedinamarathonlastyear.A:You’reanexcellentskater,Alison.Doyouskateeveryday?B:Yes,Ido.A:Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?B:SinceIwassevenyearsold.Igotmyfirstpairofskatesonmybirthdayfrommygrandmother...StepIIIGrammarfocusHelpstudentshaveadeepunderstandingofthepresentperfectprogressivetense.T:Thepresentperfectcontinuousismadeupoftwoelements:(a)thepresentperfectoftheverbtobe(have/hasbeen),and(b)thepresentparticipleofthemainverb(base+ing).Shehasbeen/She’sbeenrunningShehasn’tbeenrunningHasshebeenrunning?Hasn’tshebeenrunning?Example:tolive,presentperfectcontinuousIhavebeenlivingIhaven’tbeenlivingHaveIbeenliving?YouhavebeenlivingYouhaven’tbeenlivingHaveyoubeenliving?He,she,ithasbeenlivingHehasn’tbeenlivingHasshebeenliving?WehavebeenlivingWehaven’tbeenlivingHavewebeenliving?YouhavebeenlivingYouhaven’tbeenlivingHaveyoubeenliving?TheyhavebeenlivingTheyhaven’tbeenlivingHavetheybeenliving?Thefunctionofthepresentperfectcontinuous:Thepresentperfectcontinuousreferstoanunspecifiedtimebetween“beforenow”and“now”.Thespeakeristhinkingaboutsomethingthatstartedbutperhapsdidnotfinishinthatperiodoftime.He/sheisinterestedintheprocessaswellastheresult,andthisprocessmaystillbegoingon,ormayhavejustfinished.Examples:1.Actionsthatstartedinthepastandcontinueinthepresent.a.Shehasbeenwaitingforyouallday(=andshe’sstillwaitingnow).b.I’vebeenworkingonthisreportsinceeighto’clockthismorning(=andIstillhaven’tfinishedit).c.TheyhavebeentravellingsincelastOctober(=andthey’renothomeyet).2.Actionsthathavejustfinished,butweareinterestedintheresults.a.Shehasbeencookingsincelastnight(=andthefoodonthetablelooksdelicious).b.It’sbeenraining(=andthestreetsarestillwet).c.Someone’sbeeneatingmychips(=halfofthemhavegone).T:Someverbsarenotnormallyusedinthecontinuousform;weusethepresentperfectsimpleinstead.Forexample:I’vewantedtovisitChinaforyears.She’sknownRobertsinceshewasachild.I’vehatedthatmusicsinceIfirstheardit.I’veheardalotaboutyourecently.We’veunderstoodeverythingwe’veheardthismorning.StepIVHomeworkT:Pleasereviewthegrammarpointsafterclass.
