专题六:易混词语辨析一、考点精要完形填空中的词汇考查重点:①形近词词义辨析②近义词词义辨析③固定搭配和习惯用法【授之以渔】考点1.形近词词义辨析【巧点妙拨】近几年高考中,形近词的高频考点有:拼写字母形近词;字母次序形近词。考生平常需要加强积累,合理归纳,适时总结。例1.Themanwhoisdesertedinthedesertiseagertogetsome_____toeatbecauseheknowsthatthedairyproductscansavehiminthatcase,especiallyatnight.A.desertB.dessertC.deserterD.deserts答案:B句意:被遗弃在沙漠里的那个人很想吃些甜食,因为他知道奶制品之类的东西在这种情况下能救他,尤其是到了晚上。解析:考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。desert沙漠;dessert甜食;deserter逃兵;deserts为名词desert的复数形式。例2.“Ionlyjustcame_____,”shereplied.“Ihaven’tunpackedmybagyet.”A.abroadB.broadC.aboardD.board答案:C句意:“我刚上船,”她说,“包还没放好呢。”解析:考查拼写字母形近词词义辨析。根据语境可知,“上船”应为aboard;abroad作副词,意为“在国外”;broad作形容词,意为“广阔的”;board意为“木板,委员会,董事会”。考点2.近义词词义辨析【巧点妙拨】近年来,近义词词义辨析题在完形填空中的设空数基本保持稳定。根据2014年高考英语科试题和新课标的主旨精神,预计2015年高考英语科试题会继续加大对近义名词,动词,形容词和副词的考查力度。例:Ican’trecallanyofthesongsthatthebandplayed.IjustrememberthatIreallyenjoyedtheshowanddidn’twantitto49.Butintheend,afterthreeencores(加演),theshowfinished.(2011山东卷)49.A.continueB.delayC.finishD.change答案:C解析:考查近义词词义辨析。由设空处后面的一句可知应填finish。continue继续;delay推迟;finish完成;change改变。考点3.固定搭配和习惯用法【巧点妙拨】Theteamdidwellbuttheyneverwonagamethatseason27thenightwhenitsnowedandtheopposingteamnevershowedup.Attheendoftheseason,theboysplayedinthechurchleague’stournament.Atthelast-placeteam,theydrewtheunfortunatespotofplayingagainstthebestteam.(2011山东卷)27.A.asforB.exceptforC.thankstoD.insteadof答案:B解析:考查介词构成的固定搭配的词义辨析。asfor关于;exceptfor除……之外;thanksto由于;insteadof代替。由空格前面的theyneverwonagame及空格后面的thenightwhenitsnowedandtheopposingteamnevershowedup可知这是一次例外,故四个选项中B项符合语境。考点4.语境化选词【巧点妙拨】Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptorevenheartheinvitation.Shewasjustbeginningtounderstandtheworld.Andshe50thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethetruth.(2011新课标全国卷)50.A.believedB.doubtedC.provedD.explained答案:A句意:一个17岁的小女孩不可能接受这样的问题,甚至也没有听到那位教授的邀请。解析:考查语境化选词。在她这个年龄短的人只是刚刚开始认识世界,感知世界。她相信自己的第一手经验就是真理。二、典题对应【名师坐堂】典题1.arise,rise,raise1)Ican’thearyou;please_____yourvoice.2)He_____andlefttheroom.3)Afterthisraintheriverwill_____.4)Anewproblemhas_____.【命题意图】答案:1)raise2)rose/arose3)rise4)arisen解析:arise多指“(问题/困难等)产生、出现”,为不及物动词。rise作“上升,升起”讲,为不及物动词,可指“起身、起立、起床、上涨”等。raise为及物动词,可指“举手(重物等),提高声音(地位、生活水平等)”。典题2.hire,employ,rent,appoint1)He_____amantoplantflowers.2)They_____ahallforanevening.3)He_____aroomtoastudent.4)They_____Edward(tobe)manager.【命题意图】答案:1)hired/employed2)hired/rent3)rent4)appointed解析:hire意指按时间或工作量“雇用人或租用物”,指“雇用人”时意同employ,若指“暂时租用物”意同rent;rent多指长期“租用土地、房屋”等,也可指“向外出租”;employ多指商店、公司等部门“长期雇用人”;appoint意为“聘用、任命”。典题3.bringup,bringdown,bringb...