模式2|主旨大意题确定标题概括全文主题概括段落大意写作目的标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。段落大意是指段落的中心意思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。作者写文章的目的有三个：toexpressone'sfeelings，attitudeandideas；toaffectreaders；toinformreaders。可细分为tointroduce，describe，explain，inform，analyze，express，convey，argue，encourage，praise，criticize，advocate等。解题技巧1.细读文章或段落的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方出现。2．特别关注however，but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在这类词的后面出现。3．表示结论性的信息词如so，thus，therefore等后面通常会出现主题句。4．对记叙文要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括，领会其寓意，总结出文章的主题。5．标题是对主题句的高度概括，用词更少，简明扼要，有时会用形象化的语句。[典例1](2015·江苏高考·B)IntheUnitedStatesalone，over100millioncell－phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell－phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste，theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinso－callede－wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved，therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries，inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial，upto100timesmorethanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell－phone，andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals，thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包装)itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction，distribution，anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance，buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts，wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments'incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why，theyask，shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments'pointofview，aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax－payersbacktotheproducers.60．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theincreaseine－waste.B．Thecreationofe－waste.C．Theseriousnessofe－waste.D．Themanagementofe－waste.60.D[主旨大意题。文章首段提出了一种普遍现象——电子垃圾太多，接下来介绍了电子垃圾的危害及来源。从第...
