非谓语动词用法讲座---过去分词及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。如：Thebirdcaughtyesterdayisaswallow.Lookatthefallenleaves.Oh,therearestillfallingleaveroverthere.1．表语可以作表语的过去分词较多，如amused,annoyed,astonished,attracted,bored,broken,closed,completed,connected,covered,crowded,decided,delighted,disappointed,discouraged,dressed,drunk,encouraged,embarrassed,excited,experienced,fascinated,finished,frightened,gone,injured,interested,inspired,known,lined,lost,married,moved,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,seated,shocked,shut,stationed,surprised,surrounded,tired,upset,worried等。Thedoorremainedlocked.Marryseemedworriedatthenews.2．宾补作宾补的过去分词一般来自及物动词，表示被动和完成的状态。能接过去分词作宾补的动词有：1）表示感觉和心理活动的动词：see,hear,watch,feel,think等。Everyonethoughtthebattlelost.Wefoundhergreatlychanged.2）表示“使役”的动词：make,get,have,keep等。Shemadeitknownthatshehadboughtanewcar.Janegotherbadtoothpulledout.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.KingLouisXIVhadhisheadcutoffintherevolution.Let’skeepthedoorclosed.3）表示“希望，要求”的动词：like,wouldlike,want,wish等。Iwantthebook(tobe)returnedbeforeFriday.Hewon’tlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.Thereaderswishedthestory(tobe)continued.I’dliketheeggwelldone.3．主语和宾语名词化的过去分词，如thewounded，可以作主语和宾语。Theoppressedwillriseupinnotime.Theyhavesentthewoundedtohospital.Theoldworkeroftenhelpstheinexperienced.4．定语1）前置定语及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义，不及物动词具有主动意义，表示已经发生过的事情。Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.aclosedshop,anhonouredguest,adefeatedarmy,anunbrokenrecord,abadly-builthouse,anewly-publishedbook,highly-developedindustries,man-madesatellites,hand-madeproducts,therisensun,thefallenflowers.注意：（1）有些过去分词可以由very或too修饰，还可以用于比较，如well-built,disappointed,well-dressed,excited,frightened,interested,limited,pleased,relaxed,satisfied,surprised,tired,unexpected,unsettled,worried等。（2）但是有些过去分词不能受very或too修饰，必须用verymuch,greatly,well,completely,half,hardly等修饰。如：It’sawell/hardly/halffinishedjob.Thatwasagreatly/verymuchadmiredperformance.2）后置定语多用过去分词短语。Thisnovelisthebestofitskindeverwritten.Heisamanlovedbyall.Ihatetoreadletterswritteninpencil.请比较：You’reinvitedtothepartytobegivennextSunday.5．状语多来自及物动词，修饰主句谓语动词，其逻辑主语就是主句的主语。1）原因状语常放于句首Filledwithexcitement,thisismorethananovelaboutwar.Thechildren,wornout,fellasleepatonce.Deeplymovedbyhiswords,Dr.Simpsonagreedtogowithhim.2）时间或条件状语Heated,waterchangesintosteam..(=When/Ifwaterisheated…)United,westand;divided,wefall.3)伴随状语Theboyswatchedtheprogram,fascinated.Shesatatherdesk,lostinthought.注意：过去分词作状语时，前面往往带when,if,while,though,asif，这样就能使过去分词结构所表示的意义更加明确，这一结构可以看作是省略句，省略的是“主语+be”，主语必须与主句的主语相同。If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Thoughsurrounded,thesoldierswerenotdiscouraged.Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgo.Hestoodtherestill,asifabsorbedinthebeautifulsight.总表主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√
