高三英语专项复习之高三英语专项复习之虚拟语气语法虚拟语气语法ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气的定义•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。虚拟语气的知识点•1.虚拟语气在条件句中•1)“表示不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句一般用过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo.•2)表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情”,条件从句用过去完成时,主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.e.g.1.Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefarm.2.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.3.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.5.IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,I’dsay“bored”.6.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.7.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverunawaywhiletherewasstilltime.8.Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.虚拟语气的知识点•2.虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示“将来不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.e.g.1.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.2.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.3.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedtocometomorrow?•注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.e.g.1.Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?2.Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法总结从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be动词一律用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反动词的过去式或should/wereto+动词原形主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形虚拟语气的知识点•3.在正式英语文体中,if从句中的第一个动词如果是should,were或had,可将此动词置于句首,替代if．e.g.1.Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.2.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.3.Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.虚拟语气的知识点•4.虚拟语气用于Iwish…的宾语从句中:表示现在时间,动词用一般过去时和过去进行时(be动词用were/was)。•表示过去时间,动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。•表示将来时间,动词用would/could等+动词原形。e.g.1.IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.2.Iwishheweren’tsolazy.3.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.4.Iwishwehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.注意:这里Iwish…所表达的意思与ifonly…差不多。以上的句子都可以用ifonly来代替Iwishe.g.5.IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.6.Ifonlywehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.虚拟语气的知识点•5.在asif/though…的状语从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去式(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone)；与将来事实相反用would/might/could+doe.g.•1.Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.•2.Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.•3.Itlooksasifitmightrain.虚拟语气的知识点•6.在would(had)rather(宁愿)…的宾语从句中，也常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反用过去时(did/were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(haddone)；与将来事实相反用过去式(did/were)e.g.•1.Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.•2.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.•3.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.从句动词的虚拟语气形式1.wish引导的宾语从句2.asif/though引导的状语从句1.与现在事实相反：过去式(be常用were)2.与过去事实相反：had+done3.与将来事实相反：would/could/might+dowouldrather引导的宾语从句1.与现在/将来事实相反：过去式(be常用were)2....
