英语教学的跨文化途径与教学活动设计陕西师范大学张京鱼教授jdzhang@snnu.edu.cnCultureinTeachingEnglishasaL2•Culturereferstodistinctlydifferentdomainsofpeople’slives.–Visibleculture•Literature,thearts,thearchitectureandthehistory;•Stylesofdress,cuisine,customs,festivalsandothertraditions;–Invisibleculture•Socio-culturalnorms,world-views,beliefs,assumptions,andvaluesystemsthatfindtheirwayintopracticallyallfacetsoflanguageuse.InterculturalapproachtoEnglishTeaching•Communicativecompetencetosocio-culturalcompetence•Definitionsofculturedealwithformsofspeechacts,rhetoricalstructureoftexts,socio-culturalbehaviors,andwaysinwhichknowledgeistransmittedandobtained.•Tobecomeproficientandeffectivecommunicators,L2learnersneedtoattainL2socio-culturalcompetence.Interculturalcompetence•Politenessvsappropriateness•Socio-culturalnorms•Howareyou(doing)?•Howisitgoing?•What’sup?•WhatareyourviewsonCrazyEnglish?CulturalDifferences•Chopsticksvsforksandknives•Titlesvsprofession:?TeacherZhangvsProf/Dr.Zhang•Shifu(Master/Teacher)vsSir/Madame•Haveyoueatenyet?VsHowareyou?•Names：first-lastvssurname-personalN•123vs一、二、三，《》vstitleNoticing•Openthedoor!•Openthedoor,willyou?•Canyouopenthedoor,please?•Wouldyouopenthedoor?•Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?•Whimperatives•CallmesometimevscallmeonTuesday.•Let’sgettogethersometimevsLet’shavelunchonFriday.•CallmeifyouhaveanyquestionsvsCallmeanytime.•Doyouhaveanyquestions(itisnowtimetoaskquestions,ifyouhavethem)vsIwillbehappytoanswerallyourquestionsduringmyofficehours（pleasedonotaskmeanyquestionnowbutcometomyofficeatthedesignatedtime.CausativeConstructions•a.Shalamadehersoncleanthebike.•b.Shalahadhersoncleanthebike.•c.Tomgothismothertobuyhimanewbike.•XmadeYdoZ.–Impliestheactionwasnotperformedwillingly.–Thecauseeispassiveorsubmissive.–Thecauseethoughtheorshehadtodoit.•XforcedYtodoZ.•XhadYdoZ–AhierarchicalrelationbetweenXandY,–Doesnotimplythatthecauseedidn’twanttodoit,northecauseehadtodoit.Grandmamademeeatfish.Grandmahadmereturnthefishtotheshop.•XgotYdoZ–Impliesthatthecauseesdosomethingnotbecausetheywanttodoitbutbecausesbelsewantsthemtodoit.–Theactionisnotimposedonthecauseebyvirtueofthecauser’spower/authority.–Thecauserrealizesthatthecauseemaynotwanttocomply,sohe/shedoes(typicallysas)somethingintheexpectationthatthiswillinfluencethecausee’swillandthatasaresultthecauseewilldothedesiredresultwillingly.•LinguisticForm—pragmaticfunction(socio-culturalpurpose/goalofspeechacts,suchasrequests,apologies,compliments,andcomplaints)–GivemeapennyvscouldyougivemeapennyvsCanyousparemeapenny?•LinguisticformvsPoliteness–Iwanttomakeanappointmentfor3o’clock.–Iwouldliketomakeanappointmentfor3o’clock.–May/CouldImakeanappointmentfor3o’clock.APrivateConversationLastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.'Ican'thearaword!'Isaidangrily.'It'snoneofyourbusiness,'theyoungmansaidrudely.'Thisisaprivateconversation!'•Isitreallyaprivateconversation?•Is“aprivateconversation”agoodtitle?Whyorwhynot?•Whoisbeingimpolite,thenarratorortheyoungman?•Howwouldthestoryend?•Ifyouweret...
