非谓语动词一.概念非谓语动词就是指在句中不能单独作谓语的动词,并且不受主语的人称或数的制约。非谓语动词可分为不定式,动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。二.基本特点:三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征:不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。分词具有形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词具有名词的特,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;动词不定式1.动词不定式的基本结构to+动词原形。2.动词不定式的形式时态主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoingEg.1.Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态)2:Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)3:Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)4:Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)5:Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)6:We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式)3.动词不定式的用法,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等(1)作主语。例如:Toseeyouisalwaysapleasure.Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。例如:It’sdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpme.(2)作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:agree,forget,remember,like,dislike,love,wish,hope,expectbegin,demand,desire,expect,hate,hope,learn,decide,seem,intend,try,hesitate,manage,order,fail,choose,forget,mean,1pretend,promise等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.Ibegintodomyhomework.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.在某些复合宾语中,常先用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。例如:Hemadeitaruletogetupearly.Ithinkitimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.IfindifimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(3)表语1.Myjobistohelpthepatient.2.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom(4)作宾语补足语1.使役动词及感官动词后作宾语补足语,可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。例如:Theteachermakesmerewritethecomposition.Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.2.某些动词如:ask,permitorder,persuade,invite,forbid,wish,allow,teach等后要用to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。(5)作定语(常置于名词之后)。1.由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.2.不定式还可用作名词或代词的定语(time,way,wishattempt,chance,desire,decision,effort,intention,need,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,nothing,something,anything,ability,)例如:Ihavenodesiretotravel.Ihavetherighttoknowthetruth.You’llfindsomethingtoeathere.Ihavenothingtodonow注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。例如:Ihaveabigroomtolivein.Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系:(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会(6)作状语。例如:Hegetupearlyto/soasto/inordertocatchtheearlybus.(表目2的)Heistooyoungtogotoschool(表结果)Heisoldenoughtoliftthebox.(表结果)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)Heputuphishandasiftoanswerthequestion.(表方式)(7)作独立副词成分。(也叫做插入语或描述性状语)例如:Totellthetruth,heisanhonestm...