一、反义词：一册：cold–hotopen—closehappy—sadcry—laughwarm—coolsit—standthis—thatmother—fatherleft—rightbrother—sisterin—outboy—girlon—underson—daughtershort—longman—womanstraight—curlyhandsome—beautifulblack—whitebig—littleold—youngshort—tall二册：above－belowafternoon－morningbreakfast---supperold---newblouse---shirtyes---no三册：infrontof---behindinside---outsidebuy---sellfar---nearteacher---studentwaiter---waitressbusinessmen---businesswomansame---differentforward---backwardcan---can’tdo---don’tup---down四册：he---shehis---herI---youmy---yourfat---thinon---underin---outhere---there五册：arrive---leavego---comeaunt---uncleeast---westfast---slowfaster---slowerolder---youngertaller---shorterquickly---slowlyloudly---quietlysit---standthis---thatthese---those六册：top---bottomeasy---hardafter---beforeearly---lategood---badthrow---catchremember---forget七册：always---neverclean---dirtydry---wetspring---fallsummer---wintermine---yoursteach---learnwith---withoutputon–takeoffeasy-hardhard--soft八册：heavy----lightwin---lose(won—lost)strong---weakhealthy—sickhigh—lowcatch—throwExpensive—cheap二、动词原型与过去时：不规则动词：is----wasare----werehave----hadeat----atego----wentdo----didsee----sawlike----likedbuy----boughtbring----broughtthink----thoughtteach----taughtbreak-----brokesit----satfall----fellgive----gaverun----rantake----tookshine----shonemake----madestand----stoodknow----knewgrow----grewfly----flewdraw----drewcome----camelose----lostsend----sentget----gotwin----won(战胜)stop----stopped（停止）shop----shoppedput----putread----readcut----cuthurt----hurt规则动词过去时直接在后面加ed：如wanted,looked,learned,walked,played,jumped,helped。三、名词表示事物，变形容词表示特征：wind(风)—windy（有风的）snow----snowycloud---cloudyrain---rainysun---sunnyfun---funny（最后两个双写n）四、一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时和一般将来时：一般现在时：表示经常存在和反复的动作或状态。句中用词有：always,often,sometimes,usually,never,everymorning等。现在进行时：正在进行的动作或状态。句中用词常有now。一般过去时：过去的动作或状态。用词有：yesterday,lastweek,lastyear,in1990等表过去时间。一般将来时：将来的动作或状态。用词有：tomorrow,nextweek（下周）,nextyear（明年）等。句子主要结构：1、一般现在时：主语+动词+其他第三人称单数及单个人名动词用单三式末尾加s或es，方法与名词变复数一致。2、现在进行时：主语+be动词（am\is\are）+动词ing形式+其他3、一般过去时：主语+动词过去时+其他。4、一般将来时：主语+be动词（am\is\are）+goingto+动词+其他人称代词与be动词（am\is\are）：Iam;youare;heis,sheis,itis;we(我们)are;theyare他们，它们。五、形容词与副词的转化。loud----loudlyquiet----quietlyslow----slowlyquick----quicklysoft----softlyeasy---easilyhappy---happily例句：Iamloud.IamreadingmyEnglishbookloudly.（注：副词跟在动词后面修饰动词）六、名词与形容词的转化。rain—rainysun—sunnysnow-snowywind-windycloud-cloudysalt-salty七、名词变复数：规则：可数名词+s不规则几种：1、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的可数名词，加es.名词如：dishes,buses,boxes,dresses,glasses,classes,brushes。2、辅音+y结尾的，y变i+es.如countries,babies。3、f(fe)结尾的可数名词，变f(fe)为v+es.如：wolf--wolves,leaf--leaves,knife—knives.4、名词词中间oo，变为ee.如：foot----feet,tooth----teeth,goose----geese.goose（鹅）5、同型的。people,sheep,deer(鹿)，Chinese(中国人)。6、变换。man–men,woman—women,snowman—snowmen,child—children,mouse—m...
