高中英语优班第一讲英语核心基础:句子成分及句子类型(一)句子成分的定义:构成类型句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.()One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.()Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.()Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.()Therichshouldhelpthepoor.()WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.()Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.()(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如_____________________________等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:OurteacherofphyscicsisanAmerican.()Isityours?()Theweatherhasturnedcold.()Thespeechisexciting.()Threetimessevenistwentyone?()HisjobistoteachEnglish.()Hishobby()isplayingfootball.()Themachinemustbeoutoforder.()Timeisup.Theclassisover.()Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.()(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(词)Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.()Hepretendednottoseeme.()Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.()Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.()宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(词)Letthefreshairin.(词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.()Wesawherenteringtheroom.()Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.()Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.()(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(词)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(词)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(短语)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.()HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.()(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?...