•浪漫主义的文学特征•浪漫主义的本质特征是主观性与抒情性。浪漫主义者崇尚大自然，歌颂自然之美。浪漫主义者重视民间文学，艺术上喜用夸张手法，追求强烈的美丑对比和出奇制胜的艺术效果。••••Romanticism:AmovementinartandliteratureintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesinrevoltagainsttheNeoclassicismofthepreviouscenturiesandrebellionagainstsocialconventions.Itcanbedefinedas"literaturedepictingemotionalmatterinanimaginativeform."Imagination,emotion,andfreedomarecertainlythefocalpointsofromanticism.•Romanticism–WhatisRomanticism?•politically:areactionagainstindustrialrevolutionandthesocialsystem•literarily:areactionagainstNeo-classicism;concernedwithimaginationandpersonalfeelinginsteadofthepowerofration/reason•philosophically:Itstressesindividualisminsteadofsocialorder.–artisticfeature•verseform:lyrics（抒情诗）,odes（颂，赋）,sonnets（十四行诗）,ballads（叙事歌）•Diction（措辞）:fresh,simple,commonlyusedcolloquiallanguage•themes:thebeautyandmysticismofnature;simple,commonrurallife;factsandideasofrevolution18thc.(neoclassical)idealized:•Reason•Calculation•Order/control•Balance•Stability•Artifice:“naturemethodized”(Pope)•Thegroup•The“Garden”Romanticismidealized:•Emotion(theirrational?)•Imagination•Freedom•energy•Movement/change•nature(period!)•Theindividual•TheWilderness–(thewildrose)Romanticism(19thcentury;especially1sthalf)•Emphasisonimaginationandpassionsoverreason•Emphasisontheindividualoversociety•Focusontheprimitiveovertherefinedandcultured•Focusonhumanrightsvs.absoluteruleCharacteristicsofRomanticism•Sensibility(emotionalismasopposedtorationalism)•Sentimentalmelancholy•Emotionalpsychology•Individualism•Interestinhumanrights•Sympatheticinterestinthepast(esp.medieval=gothic)•Mysticism•Primitivism•LoveofnatureCharacteristicsofRomanticism•Idealizationofrurallife•Enthusiasmfortheuncivilizedor“natural”•Enthusiasmforthewild,irregular,orgrotesqueinnatureorart•Innocenceoverexperience•Useof“fresh,”evencommonlanguageratherthatpoeticdiction•AbandonmentoftheheroiccoupletinfavorofblankverseandexperimentalformsofverseWalterScottandJaneAustenaretheonlynovelistsoftheperiodofRomanticism.WalterScott’sdeathisalsotheendofEnglishRomanticismWalterScott’sThreeimportantnovels:Waverley（威弗利）,RobRoy（罗布•罗伊）andIvanhoe（艾凡赫）.Englishpoets:WilliamWordsworth（华兹华斯）,SamuelTaylorColeridge（柯勒律治）,LordByron（拜伦）,PercyByssheShelley（雪莱）,andJohnKeats（济慈）.~WilliamBlakeandRobertburnsareRepresentativesofPre-Romanism.•Wordsworth’stheoryofpoeticinspiration---“spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility”•WordsworthwasEngland'sPoetLaureatefrom1843untilhisdeathin1850.•InhispoemsWordsworthaimedatsimplicityandpurityofthelanguage,fightingagainsttheconventionalformsofthe18thcentury.Thepoetwasapassionateloverofnatureandhisdescriptionsoflakesandrivers,ofmeadowsandwoods,ofskiesandcloudsareexquisite.LakePoets（湖诗人）:Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey（骚赛）Lucypoems（露茜组诗）Violet:紫罗兰Ceasedtobe:diedMe:Lucy’slover她住在无人迹的小路旁她住在无人迹的小路旁，在鸽子溪边住家，那儿无人赞颂这位姑娘，也难得有人会爱她。她像不为人见的紫罗兰被披青苔的岩石半掩！•她美丽如同一颗寒星•孤独地闪烁在天边。•她不为人知地活着，也几乎•无人知她何时死去；•但如今露西已躺进坟墓，•对于我呀，世界已非往昔。译...
