Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech引述别人的话语一般采用两种方引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式式::一是原封不动地引用原话一是原封不动地引用原话,,把它放把它放在引号内在引号内,,这叫这叫直接引语直接引语(Directspeec(Directspeech);h);一是用自己的话加以转述一是用自己的话加以转述,,不用引不用引号这叫号这叫间接引语间接引语(Indirectspeech).(Indirectspeech).Mr.Blacksaid,“I’mbusy.”(直接引语）Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.”(间接引语）直接引语与间接引语由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的三个变化人称变化时态变化状语变化（时间状语和地点状语）指示代词的变化动词的变化陈述句直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连词that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say、tell等注意:可以说saidthat,saidtosbthat,toldsbthat，不可直接说toldthat)。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”→He____________________hewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.saidtome/toldmethat1.注意时态的变化1)如主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态不需变化。Hesays,"Hewantstobeasinger."→Hesaysthathewantstobeasinger.如主句是一般过去时，直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词必须是与过去相关的时态。从句的谓语动词时态变化如下：一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时过去完成时不变Tinasaid,'"Iusuallygetupatsix."Martintoldme,"IrangAliceyesterday."Ninatoldme,"Lisaisstudyingabroad."Nellsaid,"Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem."Tinasaidthatsheusuallygotupatsix.MartintoldmethathehadrangAlicethedaybefore.NinatoldmethatLisawasstudyingabroad.Nellsaidthatshehadworkedoutthatproblem.2.注意人称变化，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化指示代词this→that,these→those,时间状语now→then,today→thatday,thisweek→thatweek,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastweek→theweekbefore,fourdaysago→fourdaysbefore,thedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore,tomorrow→thenextday,nextmonth→thenextmonth.地点状语here→there动词的变化come→go,bring→takeHesaid,"Ilikeitverymuch."Tobysaidtome,"ThisistheSchoolComputerCenter."Theboysaid,"Iputallthethingsthere."Mysisteraskedme,"Couldyoubringthechairsupstairs？"Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.TobysaidtomethatthatwastheSchoolComputerCenter.TheboysaidthatIputallthethingsthere.MysisteraskedmeifIcouldtakethechairsupstairs."注意：直接引语变间接引语时，以下情况时态不需变化。1.直接引语表述的是客观真理,谚语、格言Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Myfathertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.2.直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语Hesaidthathisfatherwasbornin1995.3.直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,might,must,need，usedto等HetoldmethatIhadbettergetupearly.4.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时HetoldmethathewaswatchingTVwhenhecamein.三．疑问句如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序(即主语在谓语的前面)1）一般疑问句间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，疑问句语序变为陈述句的语序Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”→Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→He__________________interestedinEnglish.askedifIwas2）特殊疑问句原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序Hesaidtome“，What'syourname?”→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.3）选择疑问句用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.当堂检测案：把下列直接引语改为间接引语1．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.ShesaidtoTomwhetherIcouldhelphim.Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.TheteacheraskedhowIhadrepairedit.
