我院小儿肺炎致病菌分布及其耐药性现状

我院小儿肺炎致病菌分布及其耐药性现状【摘要】 目的：了解河北省儿童医院小儿肺炎病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法：收集 2025 年 2 月～2025 年 11 月我院收治的 736 例确诊为肺炎患儿的痰标本行细菌培育及药敏分析。结果：736 例痰标本中分离致病菌 18 种共 335 株，总阳性率为%，以革兰阴性杆菌为主，占%，革兰阳性菌占%。G菌对青霉素类及头孢类抗生素耐药率高，其中肺炎克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌中产超广谱 β内酰胺酶率分别高达%、%，对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢西丁耐药率低，对美罗培南敏感。G+菌对青霉素、头孢唑林、克林霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明耐药率高，对美罗培南耐药率为 0，对万古霉素、利福平、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星敏感。结论：本院小儿肺炎致病菌以 G杆菌占优势，不同菌种对抗生素的耐药性存在差异。非发酵 G杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌多重耐药现象严重，非发酵菌耐药性比产ESBLs 的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌更高。【关键词】 小儿；肺炎；耐药；病原菌；超广谱 β内酰胺酶；痰培育 ［Abstract］ Objective:To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug sensitivity of pediatric patients with pneumonia in our children，s hospital. Methods: Bacterial identification and susceptibility test were done for 736 sputum specimens of pediatric patients with pneumonia in Children s Hospital from Feb. 2025 to Nov. 2025. Results: In 763 cases, 18 pathogenic bacteria and 335 strains were separated from the sputum samples, the total positive rate was %, the chief pathogens were Gram negative bacilli which included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginos, Acinetobacter species, other Nonfermenters, Serratia liquefaciens, Haemophilus, accounting for %. Gram positive bacilli which included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus accounted for %. Gram negative bacilli were highly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. ESBLs producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were % and %, ...