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CHESSPROBLEMSMADEEASYHOWTOSOLVE-HOWTOCOMPOSEbyT.TAVERNERChessEditor,aDailyNews"With250illustrationsbytheauthor&famouscomposersAnElectronicEditionAndersThulin,Malmo∙2004-02-22INTRODUCTIONChessProblemcomposingandsoMnghaveacharmpeculiarlytheirown.Whethertheyaddtoortakefromaplayer'scapacityforthegameisamatterofopinionastowhichallthatneedbesaidisthatitdependsuponthenatureoftheinterestawakened,theopportunitiesavailable,and,ultimately,therelativeamountoftimedevotedtoeachsideofthegame.TheadvantageoftheProblemArtisthatitmaybeenteredintowithoutthelimitationsattachingtothepersonalpresenceofanopponent,thatitbroadcastswhathaswellbeencalled“thepoetryofChess"forthebenefitofthousandswhowouldotherwisebebeyondthereachofitsintellectualuplift,andthatitthrowsopenthedoorofentertainmentandinterestattimeswhenactualplaywithanopponentovertheboardmaybeoutofthequestion.AssumingthatthereaderisaloverofChessandthathisinclinationturnstowardsproblems,ofwhichheseekstoacquireaworkingknowledge,ouraimistheelementaryoneofsettinghiminthewayofconstructingandsolvingthem.Thetwoprocessesareallied.Inlearninghowaproblemiscreatedthestudentisboundtoperceivehowhemaybestapproachthesolutionofothers;indisentanglingthecomplexitiesproducedbygoodcomposersheacquiresaconstructiveknowledgeandabilityofhisown.Unlessotherwisestatedthepositionsarebytheauthor,thosemarkedbyastarbeingprizewinnersindifferenttourneys.Thelessonsoncomposingareactualconstructionalexperimentsshowinghowproblemsareevolvedandbuiltup,andareapracticalefforttoassiststudentstomeetdifficultiestheyfindthemselvesupagainst.Ineverydiagram34CHESSPROBLEMSMADEEASYtheWhitepiecesmovefromthebottomoftheboard,and,unlessthecontraryisstated,itisWhite'sturntoplay.“Mateintwo"meansthatWhitemusteffectmateonhissecondmove;“Mateinthree”thatBlack⅛defeatmustbecompletedonthethirdmove.Theordinarynotationhas(exceptwherepositionsaregiveninForsythnotation,whichwillbedescribed)beenadheredto,“x"allthroughstandingfor“takes."Itmustbeunderstoodthattheauthormakesnoclaimtohavedealtexhaustivelywiththesubject.HehaslimitedhimselftoTwoandThreeMoveProblemsbecausetheworkisdesignedlargelyintheinterestsofbeginners.NotestoElectronicEditionInthisedition,allpositionsoriginallygiveninForsythnotationhavebeengiveninfulldiagrams.Also,themovenotationinthetexthasbeenchangedfromdescriptivenotationtomodernalgebraic,usingtheletter'S'toindicatetheknights,accordingtomodernproblemstandards.Allproblemshavebeencheckedforcorrectness,usingtheProblem-istecomputerprogram,withtheexceptionofproblem35.Founderrorshavebeenindicatedinthestipulationasfollows:[*]indicatesmorethanonesolution,[§]ashortsolution,and[f]aproblemthatcannotbesolvedinthestipulatednumberofmoves.Furtherdetailsaregiven,alsoinbrackets,inthesolution.CONTENTSChapterITechnicalTerms.........................................7IIMoreTermsIllustrated.............................10IIIOnSolving................................................14IVOnComposing..........................................18VComposingaSimpleThemeProblem.21VIStudyontheHalf-Pin...............................24VnAMoreDifficultTheme...........................27VTTTExamplesoftheSameTheme.................30IXPinsandInterferences...............................32XComposingaThreeMover.......................36XIASacrificalThree-er................................38XIIASetofThreeMoveBrilliants............