摘要自动柜员机(ATM)因操作简单，不受时间限制，方便存取现金等特点，能够提高银行工作效率，吸引客户，成为银行业不可或缺的基础设施。特别是我国加入WTO后，国内各大银行为了应对国外银行业的竞争，提高核心竞争力，均加快了自身转型，大力发展自助金融业务。但目前存在的问题是我国存在的ATM分布并不十分合理，有些区域ATM网点分布密度过大，存在资源浪费现象；而有些区域分布不足，甚至在有些区域是空白。这样就不能很好的为客户服务，如何科学、合理地设置银行ATM网点成为银行亟待解决的问题。影响ATM选址的因素特别多，本文通过实地调查广州市天河区龙洞ATM样本网点的区位影响因素，采用主成分分析法筛选出了影响ATM选址的六大因素：常住人口数量，流动人口数量、公共服务设施数量，大中专院校数量和竞争行网点。本文主要内容共分为五部分：首先，介绍了国内外ATM研究发展现状，存在的问题、研究的目的及意义以及结构安排。其次，概述了与ATM机项目选址相关工业区位论物流中心选址理论；再次，介绍了与ATM选址所用到的选址理论及模型。然后，确定了选址相关的区域需求总量模型、区域选择模型、位置选择模型，最后，用对选址进行模糊综合评价，并以广州市天河区龙洞为例，阐述了如何应用模型来确定新增的ATM机选址。关键词：自动柜员机(ATM)，离行网点，选址AbstractATM,shortforautomatictellermachine,isanindispensableinfrastructureforbankingindustry.UsingATM,abankcanimproveworkefficiencytoattractclientsbecauseofmanyadvantages,suchasoperationsimplicity,timeunlimitationandtransactionconvenience.Inordertoadvancecorecompetencetocopewiththecompetitionfromforeignbanks,particularlyafterjoiningWTO,banksinChinaacceleratetheirowntransformationsanddevelopself-helpfinancialbusiness.However,thecurrentproblemisthattheexistingATMs'distributionisnotreasonable.InsomeareasATMsitesaredistributiondensityandresultinresourcewaste.Onthecontrary,insomeareasthey'reinsufficientdistributed,evensomeareblank.Therefore,nowit'saproblemtobesolvedtohowtosetupATMsbothscientificallyandrationally.TherearenumbersofsegmentstoinfluenceATM'slocationselection.InthisarticleweusedfieldsurveytoinvestigatethesegmentsofthesampleATMsinLongdong,TianheDistrict,Guangzhou.ThenweusedPCA(principalcomponentanalysis)tofiltersixmainsegments:numberofpermanentpopulation,numberoffloatingpopulation,numberofpublicservicefacility,numberofuniversityandmoderatespecialityschoolandcompetitors'sites.Thisarticleincludesfiveparts.Aboveall,weintroducedpresentdevelopmentsituationofATMresearchesathomeandabroad,existingproblems,researchpurpose,researchsignificanceandstructurearrangement.NextwesummarizedtheprojectsiteandATMlocation-relatedindustriesaswellaslocationtheoryofcommercial.Thenweintroduceslocationtheoriesandmodelsareusedinthearticle.Finallywedeterminedthemodel:regiontotaldemandmodel,regionselectionmodel,locationselectionmodelandtookLongdongforexampletoexpressthewaytoapplythosemodeltoselectanewATMsite.Keywords:automatictellermachine,ATM,locationselection目录1.导论.............................................................41．1研究背景及意义................................................................................................41．2国内外研究现状................................................................................................61．3研究方法和写作思路........................................................................................72.项目选址的一般理论和方法.........................................82．1区位论.................................................................................................
