目录摘要................................................................1Abstract............................................................2前言................................................................3第一章张岱及其小品文...............................................3第一节张岱生平.....................................................3第二节小品文发展概述...............................................4第二章张岱小品文的特色.............................................5第一节张岱小品文的个性化特色.......................................5一、独特的艺术形象塑造.............................................5二、白描为底、以戏入文的写作手法...................................6三、亦庄亦谐的语言风格.............................................7四、疏离的写作视角.................................................8第二节张岱小品文的生活化特色.......................................9一、取材深入日常生活................................................9二、人物遍布各阶层................................................10第三章张岱小品文特色背后的原因分析................................11第一节原因概述..................................................11第二节内在思想的决定........................................11第三节家族文化的熏陶........................................12第四节时代剧变的影响........................................13结论...............................................................15摘要作为明清易代之际的文化奇才，张岱有着“绝代的散文家”的美誉.其作承“公安”、“竟陵”、“心学”之长，短小精悍，意蕴深长，背后隐藏的是特殊时代背景下，遗民节士的精神絮语。本文将探索张岱小品文中的“生活化”与“个性化”特色，并运用文学理论，分析二者之间的联系以及成因。理解文章中隐藏的“社会细节”和作者的“个性意识”，解读明清之际遗民群体的文化心理。根据研究分析，张岱小品文的“个性化”特色为：独特的艺术形象塑造；白描为底、以戏入文的写作手法；亦庄亦谐的语言风格；疏离的写作视角四点。“生活化”特色为：题材广泛深入日常生活；人物社会身份丰富。究其原因，主要有三点：内在思想的决定；家族文化的熏陶，以及时代剧变的影响。关键词：张岱；小品文；特色；遗民AbstractAstheculturegeniusoftheMing-qingtransitionperiod,ZhangDaihasbeenadmittedas‘Thegreatestessayistatthattime’.Hisworksabsorbthemeritof"GongAn","JingLing","ThePhilosophyofTheMind",whichisshortandrefining,andfullofliterarygrace.Behindthemisthetruthinthemindofadherentsinspecialtimes.Thispaperwillexplorethecharacteristicsof‘life’and‘individuation’inzhangDai'sessays,andanalyzetherelationshipbetweenthemandtheircausesbyusingliterarytheory.Tounderstandthehidden‘socialdetails’andtheauthor's‘personalityconsciousness’,andinterprettheculturalpsychologyofthepeopleintheMing-qingtransitionperiod.Accordingtotheresearch,the"individuation"characteristicofzhangDaiis:uniqueartisticimagecreation;ThewritingtechniqueofBaiMiaoandwritingasaplay;Thelanguagestyleofsometimesseriousandsometimeswitty;alienatedwritingperspective,fourpoints.‘Lifestyle‘featuresare:thesubjectmatterisextensivelyanddeeplyindailylife;Thecharactersarerichinsocialidentity.Therearethreemainreasons:theinfluenceoftheideologicaltrend;Theinfluenceoffamilyculture,andtheimpactofthechangingtimes.Keywords:ZhangDai;Essay;Characteristic;Adherent前言张岱作为明清小品文的集大成者，一生历经两朝六帝，见证了家族兴灭、王朝更迭、时代的演变。早年奢靡张扬、鲜衣怒马，老来却是布衣蔬食、常至断炊，生活境况的变...
