我国典型城市土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价DistributioncharacteristicsandpollutionassessmentofheavymetalsintypicalurbansoilsinChina中文提要在我国城市化和工业化高速发展的背景下，城市土壤逐渐受到不同程度的重金属污染，这将严重影响城市环境质量与人类安全，关于城市土壤重金属污染问题引发了现阶段越来越多学者的关注。本文通过文献数据库，查阅了我国6个典型城市土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的背景值与含量，在此基础上进行污染评价，以期为我国城市土壤污染防治和人民身体健康保护提供依据。主要研究结果如下：除重庆市重金属Cu外，我国6个典型城市土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量均高于背景值。例如北京城市土壤Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量分别比背景值高1.26,1.34,1.15,1.34倍。6个城市土壤重金属变异系数均高于20%，其中Cd的变异系数最大值为武汉市（158.9），Cu的变异系数最大值为南京市（89.74），Pb的变异系数最大值为武汉市（86.8），Zn的变异系数最大值为武汉市（298.3），表明武汉市土壤重金属Cd、Pb和Zn及南京市Cu受人为因素影响较大。6个城市土壤内梅罗综合污染指数反映了其受污染程度不同，例如南京市土壤内梅罗指数为2.72，累计水平为中度污染，土壤受到中度污染。不同的土地利用方式对土壤污染状态有一定影响，这提示我们要关注土壤重金属污染，及时采取治理措施，以保护人类生命安全。关键词：城市土壤；重金属；分布特征；污染评价AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanizationandindustrializationinChina,urbansoilisgraduallypollutedbyheavymetalsindifferentdegrees,whichwillseriouslyaffectthequalityofurbanenvironmentandhumansafety.Inthispaper,thebackgroundvaluesandcontentsofheavymetalsCd,Cu,PbandZninsoilofsixtypicalcitiesinChinawereconsultedthroughtheliteraturedatabase,andthepollutionassessmentwascarriedoutonthisbasis,soastoprovidethebasisforthepreventionandcontrolofurbansoilpollutionandtheprotectionofpeople'shealthinChina.Themainresultsareasfollows:ExceptforCuinChongqing,thecontentsofCd,Cu,PbandZninsoilofsixtypicalcitiesinChinawerehigherthanthebackgroundvalues.Forexample,thecontentsofCd,Cu,PbandZninBeijingurbansoilswere1.26,1.34,1.15and1.34timeshigherthanthebackgroundvalues,respectively.Thecoefficientofvariation(CV)ofsoilheavymetalsinsixcitieswashigherthan20%.ThemaximumCVofCdwas158.9inWuhanCity,themaximumCVofCuwas89.74inNanjingCity,themaximumCVofPbwas86.8inWuhanCity,andthemaximumCVofZnwas298.3inWuhanCityPb,ZnandCuinNanjingwereaffectedbyhumanfactors.TheNemerocomprehensivepollutionindexofsoilinsixcitiesreflectsthedifferentdegreeofpollution.Forexample,theNemeroindexofsoilinNanjingis2.72,thecumulativelevelismoderatepollution,andthesoilismoderatelypolluted.Differentlandusepatternshaveacertainimpactonsoilpollution,whichsuggeststhatweshouldpayattentiontosoilheavymetalpollutionandtaketimelycontrolmeasurestoprotecthumanlifesafety.Keywords:Urbansoil;Heavymetals;Distributioncharacteristics;Pollutionassessment目录第1章绪论..........................................................................................................................61.1研究背景.......................................................................................................................61.2研究进展.......................................................................................................................61.3研究目的和意义...........................................................................................................71.4研究内容和技术路线....................................................................................................71.4.1研究内容...................
