仪表着陆系统信号质量分析与仿真应用摘要仪表着陆系统（InstrumentLandingSystem—ILS）是一种国际标准的导航系统，用于引导进入和降落阶段的飞行器，它是一种非自主的、只在终端区使用的振幅测角近程陆基导航系统，俗称“盲降”。国际民用航空组织ICAO(ICAO)自1947年引入以来，已经在世界范围内广泛使用。南京禄口国际机场07#仪表着陆系统自2014年投入使用以来，在飞行检查中均发现固定角度的信号强度偏低，本文针对这一问题展开研究着重分析了机场不同运行水平下，航向敏感和临界区域静态和动态障碍物对航向道结构抖动信号覆盖范围限制等方面的影响，并通过设备选型对信号质量进行优化。此外，还分析了滑动敏感区和临界区场地对滑动台选址、机场边界对滑动道结构的影响，以及比较了各类天线对场地环境的适应性。基于以上理论分析，结合机场实际环境和飞行检查结论，利用仿真软件模拟了各种障碍物对仪表着陆系统信号质量的影响，提出了一种通过避开障碍物、设备选型或机内调整来提高信号质量的方法。。关键词：仪表着陆系统，信号强度，临界区，敏感区，信号质量，影响因素iAbstractInstrumentLandingSystem(ILS),asanadvancednavigationsystem,isusedtoguideaircraftapproachandlanding,andhasbeenwidelyusedinairportsaroundtheworld.Thechangeofthecriticalandsensitiveareawillinterferewiththespacesignalandaffectflightsafety.Therefore,thedefinitionandprotectionofkeyandsensitiveareasplayanimportantroleinensuringthesafetyofaircraftlanding,optimizingairportairspaceandcapacitylimitation.Withthedeteriorationoftheelectromagneticenvironmentaroundtheairportandtheimprovementofoperationalperformancecategory,higherrequirementsareputforwardforsettingthekeysensitiveareasofinstrumentlandingsystem..Firstly,startingfromthecompositionandinfluencingfactorsofthecriticalandsensitivearea,thesettingofILScriticalandsensitiveareaindifferentcountriesareintroduced,andthedifferencesareanalyzedbycomparison.Secondly,basedonthemodelingofkeysensitivearea,theinfluenceofvariousobstaclesandterrainonthespatialsignalisanalyzed.Theinfluencesofthestaticobstaclesanddynamicobstaclesontheroutestructureandsignalcoverageatdifferentoperationalperformancecategoriesareanalyzedindetail,andthespatialsignalareoptimizedthroughsystemselection.Inaddition,theinfluenceofthecriticalandsensitiveareaontheglideslopepositionandtheinfluenceofairportenclosureontheglideslopestructurewereanalyzed.Threetypesofantennashavethesameadaptabilitytothefieldenvironment.Onthebasisoftheabovetheoreticalanalysis,combinedwiththeactualairportenvironmentandtheflightverificationconclusions,thespatialsignalofvariousobstaclesaffectingILSaresimulated.Bysystemselectionorinternaladjustmenttoavoidobstacles,themethodofimprovingsignalqualityisputforward,andfeasiblesuggestionsforsettingkeysensitiveareasofblinddropareputforward.Keywords:Instrumentlandingsystem,Signalstrength，Criticalarea,Sensitivearea,Spatialsignal,Influencefactoranalysis，Simulationapplication-ii-目录摘要......................................................................................................................................................Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................第一章绪论..........................................................................................................................................1.1研究背景及意义......................................................................................................................1...
