《冷血》中社会环境对佩里·史密斯的影响 VIP免费

摘要杜鲁门·卡波特是美国当代著名的杰出作家。他的《冷血》享誉欧美文坛，被认为是非虚构小说的扛鼎之作。在这本书中，作者杜鲁门·卡波特着力刻画了主人公佩里·史密斯的不健全心理和社会环境对他的性格，行为造成的影响。本文基于弗洛伊德精神分析理论基础上研究了主人公佩里·史密斯的不健全心理和社会环境对他的性格、行为造成的影响，着重探讨了佩里被压抑的本我以及不完善的超我，社会环境对他造成的影响包括家庭层面的影响以及家庭以外的影响。通过研究，不难看出佩里强大的本我由于不能满足而处于压抑状态之中；坎坷的成长经历使他的自我没有得以健康发展，而常常处于分裂状态的自我不能很好地遵从超我的命令控制本我，三者的发展不能保持在和谐稳定的状态，社会环境的孤立性使得佩里这个人物充满了悲剧性，最终走向了悲剧的结局。关键词：《冷血》；佩里·史密斯；精神分析理论；人格；社会环境1.1TheStatusofTrumanCapoteTrumanCapoteisadistinguishedwriterinthefieldofAmericancontemporaryliteratureHewasbornonSeptember30,1924,namedoriginallyTrumanStreckfusPersons,inNewOrleans.Capoteexperiencedachildhoodspoiledbyhisparents'divorceandthereforeduringhislifetime,hetriedtogainattentionandcarefromothers.HewassenttolivewithrelativesinMonroeville,Alabama,afterhisparents'divorce.Itwasherethathewouldgetacquaintedwithhislifelongfriend,thewomanwriter,HarperLee.Capoterosetointernationalprominencein1948withthepublicationofhisdebutnovel,OtherVoices,OtherRooms.AmongallhiscelebratedworksareBreakfastatTiffany’s,ATreeofNight,TheGrassHarp,SummerCrossing,AChristmasMemory,andInColdBlood.InColdBloodwaswidelyconsideredasoneofthegreatestbooksofthetwentiethcentury.Capoteisknownastherepresentativeofnewjournalismandtheearliestfounderaswell.HeistheacademicianofNationalInstituteofLiteratureandArt,andisawardedO.HenryPrizein1946,1947,1951respectivelyandtheprizeofNationalInstituteofLiteratureandArt.Hepublished14full-lengthnovelswithdistinctivestyleandabundantconnotationandcouplesofshortstories,biographyandliterarytheory,andthenonfictionestablishesadistinctivestatus.InColdBlood,BreakfastatTiffany’setc.workscreatedbyCapotenotonlyoccupyanindispensablepartintheAmericanliterature,butwereadaptedforthescreen.CapoteisthemoviebasedonInColdBlood.Theleadingmen,PhilipSeymourHoffman,wontheOscarforBestActorin2005.Inthesameyear,thisfilmgotthetopofthelistofNationalFilmCriticsAssociation.BeforeInColdBlood’spublication,Capotehadmadeseveralsuccessfulattemptstocombinethetwodifferentwritingstylesbetweenjournalisticreportandliterarynarrative.Onewasanimpressionisticreport,entitledTheMusesareHeard,whichtoldatourofGershwinmusicalPorgyandBessinSovietRussia.AnotherwasaportraitofMarlonBrandointhefirstperson.Neitherofthetwowaspurelyjournalistic,yetbothenhancedCapote'senthusiasmfornonfiction,anenthusiasmleadinghimtotheCluttercase.WiththepublicationofInColdBlood,Capotereachedthepeakofhiswritingcareer.Capotebecameaconspicuouspioneerofnonfictionwrittenwiththetechniquesoffiction.Thenotionofnonfictionmadeagreatstiratthattime.Thenlater,thisgeneraltypeofwritingbegantobecalledvariouslynewjournalism,literarynonfictionorcreativenonfiction.InColdBloodisTrumanCapote'sperfectreconstructionofamurder,inwhichaKansasfamilyisslainintheyearof1959.Inthisnovel,therelationsofhuman’sdevelopmentandenvironmentisputontotable.Inordertoreaptheexpectedrewardoffame,Capotemakescomprehensivestudiesandinvestigationsaboutthekillingsandthenanalyzesthismurderaccordingtothematerials.1.2TheIntroductionofInColdBloodandItsInflu...