Unit8NewideasandinventionsSectiononeStepI.Studythenewwords.StepII.ReadingReadthroughthewholetextandletthemdothefollowingsimplequestionsdecideTorF.1.Theseancientalchemistsmadethefirstexplosives.2.TheancientChineserealizedthatthemixturecouldbeusedonsomethingdifferentatonce.3.AtfirsttheChineseusednewmaterialtomakethefireworks.4.Bacongotcreditformakingtheblackpowderbecauseheusedhisinvention.5.AlfredNobellefthismoneyforprizeafterhedied.Readthetextmorecarefullyandthenfindoutthefollowingphases:1.burstinto2.burndown3.bepleasedwith4.overandover5.lookinto6.putone’smind7.speedup8.beconnectedto9.stayinshape10.takein11.breakoff12.sofarStepIII.Practice1.Translatethefollowingphrases,compareverb+ingandverb+ed.boilingwater__________boiledwater____________aboringbook__________aboredreader____________aclosedstore__________theclosingtime____________2.动词-ed形式接触：找出下列句子的-ed形式，揣摩其用法。(1)Themixturestartedtobubbleandboil.(2)Theyfinallydesignedaweaponthatwaspowerful.(3)Theytookahollowedpieceofbambooandfileditwiththepowder.(4)Thentheystuffedarrowsinit.(5)One-hundredyearslater,amannamedBertholdShwartslookedintothisblackpowder.(6)Itcouldbeusedtoblowstonesoutoftheground.StepIV.Grammar:过去分词作定语、表语过去分词分为及物动词的过去分词和不及物动词的过去分词；及物动词的过去分词作句子的表语和名词的定语及物动词的过去分词时，强调该动作完成和被动；而不及物动词的过去分词则仅仅强调该动作已经完成，如fallenleaves（落叶）,therisensun（升起的太阳）,frozenmilk（冰牛奶）,boiledwater（凉开水）等。高考主要考察及物动词的过去分词作句子的表语和定语的用法。SectionTwoandSectionThreeStepI.Studythenewwords.StepII.难句分析1.SomeancientChinesealchemistsweremixingsomeingredientstogethertoformsomething（theythoughtwouldmakethemliveforever）.（1）省略了定语从句引导词that。（2）尽管that在定语从句中并不作宾语，但是由于插入成分theythought的介入，使得做主用心爱心专心语的that带有宾语的特征。定语从句可还原为Theythoughtthethingwouldmakethemliveforever.其中thething由that替代，做thought支配的宾语从句的主语。2.两个that前一个引导宾语从句，后一个引导定语从句。划横线的短语的句子成分是状语，修饰动词realized。StepIII.Practice1.短语比较(1)沸水,开水(2)一本令人厌烦的书,一个烦透了的读者；(3)关门的商店,关门时间2.找出下列句子的-ed形式，指出其用法。(1)Themixturestartedtobubbleandboil.(2)Theyfinallydesignedaweaponthatwaspowerful.(3)Theytookahollowedpieceofbambooandfileditwiththepowder.(4)Thentheystuffedarrowsinit.(5)One-hundredyearslater,amannamedBertholdShwartslookedintothisblackpowder.(6)Itcouldbeusedtoblowstonesoutoftheground.StepIV.Grammar:语法难点1.表能力can和could可与beableto互换。can只用于现在式和过去式（could）;beableto可以用于各种时态。例如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。但是下列情况只用beableto：a.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，用was/wereableto，不能用could。例如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示过去时态:a．提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：—CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我能看电视吗？—Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.可以/不可以。b．在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：Hecouldn’tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人。2.表示请求、许可may比较正式,can较口语化,二者可通用,could还可表示较有礼貌的请求,might最有礼貌。3.表示推测,可能性可用may，can，must。may只能用在肯定句和否定句,might的可能性要比may小；can只能用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气比can更加不肯定,可能性更小。must可能性最大，翻译成“一定”。maynot表示“可能不”；can’t表示“不可能”，语气很强。4.表示责任义务，或提出自己的建议“应该”用should，oughtto（语气比should强），“必须”用must（强调主观因素）或haveto(强调客观因素)Exercises:用适当的情态动词填空1.You_______workharderifyouwanttosucceed.2.____Ihavesomemoretea?3.Where_____itbe?It______beinyourdesk.用心爱心专心4.Who_____itbe?It_______notbetheheadmasterforheisnowattendingameeting.5.I______readEnglishveryfluently.6.He__________swimacrossthechannelwhenwasonly12.7.It______rainatanymoment.8.Listen!It_____beMotherback.Let’shurryup.9.—WhatshouldIdo?—Ithinkyou________readmorebooksaboutyourstudy.10.It_____notbehim,butIamnotsure.用心爱心专心
