语法专项—直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（directspeech）。引起引语的词称为引用动词（reportingverbs）。“Iknowthat.”repliedMrs.Green.二、间接引语当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirectspeech），也可称作引语结构（reportstructure）。Marysaidshehadalreadyseenthefilm.这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。除了say,reply,guess,feel,think,explain这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。Hethoughtshewasworried.Heexplainedthatthetrainwasn’trunning.在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点：1．引语前一般要用连词that。在个别动词后（如say,tell等）或在口语中可省略。Hetoldhismotherthattheboywasverynaughty.Hesayshecan’twaitanotherday.2．要根据意思改变人称。“I’vegotyourletter,”shesaid.→Shesaidshehadalreadygotmyletter.3．引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。Marysaid,“I’mbeginningtosleepbetter.”→Marysaidthatshewasbeginningtosleepbetter.Nancysaid,“We’vegottwofirstplacesinthesportsmeet.”→Nancysaidthatthey’dgottwofirstplacesinthesportsmeet.过去时若有表示具体年份的状语，则不必改变。“Iwasbornin1980.”Juliasaid.Juliasaidthatshewasbornin1980.4．指示代词、地点及时间状语等，也需作必要的更动。Shesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”→Shesaid(that)shewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”→Hesaid(that)he’darrivedthemorningbefore.Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowevening.”→Shesaid(that)hersisterwouldbebackthefollowingevening.一般说来，here常改为there，today改为thatday。这类改变大致可用下表表示：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词this(place)these(places)that(place)those(places)时间状语nowtoday,tonightthisweek(month,etc)yesterdaylastweek(month)twodays(ayear,etc)agotomorrownextweek(month,etc.)thenthatday,thatnightthatweek(month,etc.)thedaybefore,thepreviousdaytheweek(month,etc.)beforetwodays(ayear,etc.)before(earlier)thenext(following)daythenext(following)week(month,etc.)表地点的词herethere动词come,bringgo,take动词时态一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去将来时三、几种句子的间接引语1．陈述句和感叹句的间接引语一般都要变成以that引导的宾语从句，口语中that可省略，引述动词用say,tell等。感叹号变成句号。Saytosb.变为tellsb.Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.Shesaid:“Hewillbeverybusy.”→Shesaidthathewouldbeverybusy.Heoftensays,“WhatagreatcountryChinais!”→Heoftenremarkswithadmiration(that)Chinaissuchagreatcountry.2．疑问句的间接引语（1）一般疑问句后连接代词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时用whether，引述动词用ask，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him等。ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.如果问句表建议，可用suggest或adviseSheasked,“shallwearrivethereatdusk?”→Shesuggestedweshouldarrivethereatdust.（2）引述特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词做连接词，疑问语序改为陈述语序。Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”→TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.3．祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，即ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.asksb.(not)todosth.（表示客气）tellsb.(not)todosth.（命令性强于上面）ordersb.(not)todosth.（命令性最强）注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please去掉，动词改为ask/tell/order等。Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.Mothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”→MotheraskedTomtogetupearly.4．直接引语变...
