识别高考阅读理解干扰项的七大法宝I.基本原则1.包含项原则2．正反项原则3．委婉项原则4．同形项原则5．常识项原则6．集合项原则7．因果项原则II具体解析1.包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。Exercise1Livinginaresidencehall(学生宿舍)carriescertainobligation(义务).Youhavetobeconsiderateofothers,especiallyduringstudyhours.Telephonecallsandvisitsbyfriendsshouldbeshort.Youhavetocooperateinkeepingtheroomassanitary(卫生)aspossible.Itissometimeshardtobetolerant(宽容)ofanotherperson’shabitsthatmaydifferfromyourown.Q.Whatmustyoulearntobetolerantofifyouliveinadormitory?A)Yourroommate’stelephonecallsB)HabitsthatmaydifferfromyourownC)Visitsbyyourroommate’sfriendsD)RoommateswhoareunsanitaryExercise2Themeeting,chairedbyPremierWenJiabao,saidthebuildingofrapid-transitraillinesincitiesshouldbecarriedoutaccordingtostrictguidelinesandmanagementsystemsofsuchliensshouldbeimproved.ItstressedthattheamountofdomesticallymadeequipmentusedinsuchinfrastructureprojectsneedstobeincreasedQ2:Inthebuildingoftheraillines,______.A.moreequipmentmadeinChinashouldbeusedB.moreimportedequipmentshouldbeusedC.moreexportedequipmentshouldbeusedD.moreequipmentusedininfrastructure（基础）projectsshouldbeused2.正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假设选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C)、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中取其一。Exercise3Theyfeeltheyarepoorlistenerswhentheythinkaboutsomethingelsewhiletheotheristalkingorwhentheyaretired,ornotinterestedinwhatsheorheistalkingabout.Mostpeoplelistenonlywiththeirears.Q:Accordingtothepassage,listeningonlywithearsmayhappentouswhen____A)weareemotionallytiredB)wearephysicallydisabledC)wearesointerestedinthetopicD)weareaskedmanyquestions再看一例：Exercise4Themainproblemisthatourneighborworldsappeartobeunsuitableforadvancedlifeforms.Themoonmaybethecasefirst,ithashardlyanyatmosphere.Venusislittlebetter,butthesurface’stemperatureisveryhigh.Marswiththinatmosphereandlittlewatercannotsupporttheliving1necessityoftheanimals.Q:ThereisunlikelyanylifeonVenusbecause______.A．ithasverythinatmosphereB．thesurfacetemperatureistoohotC．theweatheristoocoldD．itisextremelyshortofwater3．委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition，tendto，beliableto等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must,always,never,themost,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly，already等等。Exercise5Withtheprospectofcoalandpetroleumsuppliesdepletedandwithairpollutionbecomingasincreasingconcern,themajorcountriesoftheworldareseekingalternatesourcesofenergy.Ifameanstoobtainenergyfromwater,especiallyfromtheocean,canbeeffectedeconomically,itwouldfurnishaneverendingsupplyofenergy,since70%oftheearth'ssurfaceisoceanandanother10%isfreshwaterinriversandlakes.Fromthebeginningoftimemanhasusedwaterpowerasasourceofwork—waterfallsanddams—butthesearefreshwatersourcesandarelandlocked.Theseashavec...
