新概念第四册Lesson37-39课文翻译及学习笔记VIP专享VIP免费

下载后可任意编辑新概念第四册Lesson37~39课文翻译及学习笔记新概念第四册Lesson37课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whatisthemostimportantfactor,bothingovernmentorbusiness,forkeepingrunningcostslow?Ifanationisessentiallydisunited,itislefttothegovernmenttoholdittogether.Thisincreasestheexpenseofgovernment,andreducescorrespondinglytheamountofeconomicresourcesthatcouldbeusedfordevelopingthecountry.Anditshouldnotbeforgottenhowsmallthose下载后可任意编辑resourcesareinapoorandbackwardcountry.Wherethecostofgovernmentishigh,resourcesfordevelopmentarecorrespondinglylow.Thismaybeillustratedbycomparingthepositionofanationwiththatofaprivatebusinessenterprise.Anenterprisehastoincurcertaincostsandexpensesinordertostayinbusiness.Forourpurposes,weareconcernedonlywithonekindofcost--thecostofmanagingandadministeringthebusiness.Suchadministrativeoverheadsinabusinessareanalogoustothecostofgovernmentinanation.Theadministrativeoverheadsofabusinessarelowtotheextentthateveryoneworkinginthebusinesscanbetrustedtobehaveinawaythatbestpromotestheinterestsofthefirm.Iftheycaneachbetrustedtotakesuchresponsibilities.andtoexercisesuchinitiativeasfallswithintheirsphere,thenadministrativeoverheadswillbelow.Itwillbelowbecauseitwillbenecessarytohaveonlyonemanlookingaftereachjob,withouthavinganothermantocheck下载后可任意编辑uponwhatheisdoing,keephiminline,andreportonhimtosomeoneelse.Butifnoonecanbetrustedtoactinaloyalandresponsiblemannertowardshisjob,thenthebusinesswillrequirearmiesofadministrators,checkers,andforemenandadministrativeoverheadswillrisecorrespondingly.Asadministrativeoverheadsrise,sotheearningsofthebusinessaftermeetingheexpenseofadministration,willfall;andthebusinesswillhavelessmoneytodistributeasdividendsorinvestdirectlyinitsfutureprogressanddevelopment.Itispreciselythesamewithanation.Totheextentthatthepeoplecanbereliedupontobehaveinaloyalandresponsiblemanner,thegovernmentdoesnotrequirearmiesofpoliceandcivilservantstokeeptheminorder.Butifanationisdisunited,thegovernmentcannotbesurethattheactionsofthepeoplewillbeintheinterestsofthenation;anditwillhavetowatch,check,andcontrolthepeopleaccordingly.Adisunitednation下载后可任意编辑thereforehastoincurundulyhighcostsofgovernment.RAYMONDFROSTTheBackwardSociety【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】hubn.(活动的)中心disunitedadj.分裂的correspondinglyadv.相应地backwardadj.落后的incurv.承担administerv.管理adminstrativeadj.行政管理的analogousadj.类似的下载后可任意编辑overheadsn.一般费用initiativen.主动，积极性checkern.检查人员foremann.监工dividendn.红利undulyadv.过度地【课文注释】1.disunitedadj.分裂的例句：Moreover,whentheemployeesaredisunited,unhappinessisboundtosetin.更何况大家都不团结时，不愉快事件频频。下载后可任意编辑Youarewretched,disunitedindividuals.你们糟透了，分崩离析了。disunitevt.使分离,使不和例句：Theissuedisunitedthepartymembers.该问题在党员中造成分裂。2.correspondinglyadv.相应地例句：Thelanguagecorrespondinglybecamestiffer.讲话的语言也相应地变得更加强硬。3.economicresources经济资源4.backwardadj.向后的,落后的例句：Hetookabackwardstepandranaway.下载后可任意编辑他向后退了一步,跑了。Thispartofthecountryisstillbackward.这个国家的这个地区仍很落后。【词义辨析】back,backward,hind,behind这些词均有“在后，向后”之意。back:作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。backward:可用于人或物...