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2020年初升高英语衔接语法知识专题：时态和语态一、表达形式主动语态：主语+do/does+其它被动语态：主语+am/is/are+及物动词过去分词二、常用时间状语everyday,often,always,sometimes,onceaweek,insummer三、基本用法1、现在习惯性动作，即包括现在时刻在内的整个阶段经常性、习惯性动作。Thebankopensat8:00a.m.onweekdays.HoweverbusyIam,Iwritetomymotherregularly.2、（人、物）现在的特性、状态。NowIambusy;Ican’tsparetimeforaholiday.Thatstreetisinbadcondition,andsmellsterrible.3、叙述客观真理、科学事实、格言及没有时限的客观存在。Knowledgeisstrength.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.JapanliestotheeastofChina.一、表达形式主动语态：主语+did+其它被动语态：主语+was/were+及物动词过去分词二、常用时间状语yesterday,lastnight,thenightbefore,theotherday,justnow等。三、基本用法1、用于表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或状态。如：Igottoknowhimtwoyearsago.Hewasseriouslyilllastweek.2、过去发生的经常性、反复性的动作或状态。如：Chinaisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.（不可换）Asachild,Iwouldgotoseaalongwithmyfather.（可换）四、下列句型中动词用过去时．四、下列句型中动词用过去时．Itis(high/about)time(that)wegottobusiness.Iwouldratheryouknewthetruthnow.一、表达形式主动语态:am/is/aredoing被动语态:am/is/are/beingdone二、常用时间状语now,atpresent,atthemoment三、基本用法1、用于表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作；现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。AtpresentLaoLiisshowingsomeforeignfriendsaroundourworkshop.---AreyouanativeofBeijing?---No,Iamstudyingforadoctor’sdegreeatBeijingUniversity.2、进行时与always,constantly,continually等副词连用，可表达赞扬、不满、讨厌等感情色彩。Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.Atschoolhewasconstantlyplayingatrickonothers.一、表达形式主动语态:主语+was/weredoing被动语态：主语+was/werebeingdone二、常用时间状语atthistimeyesterday,at8:00lastnight三、基本用法：表达过去某一时刻某一阶段正在进行的动作。Iwasmakingalong-distancecalltomynearrelativebeforeyouarrived.Inthoseyearswewerehavingahardtime.一、表达形式主动语态：主语+have/hasdonesth.被动语态：主语+have/hasbeendone.二、常用时间状语already,yet,eversince,inthepast(last)fewyears,sofar,uptothepresent,untilnow,inrecentyears等.三、基本用法1、过去的动作与现在有关系。Ihaveturnedontheelectricheaterintheroom.(Iturnedontheelectricheater,andtheroomisgettingwarmnow.)Hehastakenawaymyreferencebook.(Hetookawaymyreferencebook,andnowIcan’tuseit.)2、表示动作从过去延续到现在，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Wehavehadplentyofrainheresincewepartedlastmonth.四、现在完成时与过去时的区别：HehasworkedinParisfortwoyears.HeworkedinParisfortwoyears.五、特殊句型1.用Itis+（一段时间）+since+主+动词的过去时2.Itisthefirsttime(that)IhavevisitedChina.序数词3.ThisisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveeverseen.形容词的最高级一、表达方式主动语态：主语+haddonesth.被动语态：主语+hadbeendone.二、常用时间状语bytheendoflastyear/lastterm三、基本用法1、在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作。Hesaidthathehadarrivedthreedaysbefore.2、动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。Bythetimehecamewehadworkedfortwohours.3)、hope,want,mean,expect,think等词，用过去完成时暗示原来的希望或期待没有实现。Ihadwantedtocometoyourhelp,butIreallysparednotime.一、基本表达方式主动语态：shall/willdo被动语态：shall/willbedone备注：shall用于第一人称，will用于所有人称。Iwon’tbefreetonight.Theinstrumentwillbeputtousesoon.二、常用时间状语tomorrow,nextyear/week/morning,intheyear2030,inthefuture,in...