Directspeechandindirectspeech（直接引语和间接引语）一．基本概念I直接引语变为间接引语1）、直接引语为陈述句2）、直接引语为祈使句3）、直接引语为疑问句4）、直接引语为感叹句II1、直接引语和间接引语都属于宾语从句2、直接引语和间接引语的概念（1）直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话（2）间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话二．变换类型1．直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可以省略）。引述动词有：say,tell等。陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化。一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变例如：Theteachersaid,“John,youmustbringyourbooktotheclass.”1>第三者说：TheteachertoldJohnthathemustbringhisbooktotheclass.2>别人对约翰说：Theteachersaidthatyoumustbringyourbooktotheclass.3>约翰自己说：TheteachersaidthatImustbringmybooktotheclass.I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1〉指示代词的变化this----thatthese----those2〉时间状语的变化now----thenago----beforetoday----thatdayyesterday----thedaybefore;thepreviousdaytomorrow----thenextday;thefollowingdaythedaybeforeyesterday----twodaysbeforethedayaftertomorrow----twodayslaternextweek/month,etc.----thenextweek/month,etc.lastweek/month,etc.----theweek/monthbefore3〉地点状语的变化here----there4〉动词的变化come----go注：在当地转述时，here不变为there，come不变为go.在当天转述时，yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不变。II时态的变化（1）1〉主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。E.g.A.Hesays,“I’mtired.”Hesaysheistired.B.Hehassaidtome,“I’mtired.”Hehassaidtomeheistired.C.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.2、主句为过去时态时，直接引语一般作相应的变化，这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。1）、一般现在时变为一般过去时。e.g.Hesaid,“I’msorry.”Hesaidhewassorry.2）现在进行时变为过去进行时。e.g.Shesaid,“He’swaiting.”Shesaidhewaswaiting.3）现在完成时变为过去完成时。e.g.Hesaid,“Youhaven’tchangedmuch.”HesaidthatIhadn‘tchangedmuch.4）一般过去时变为过去完成时。e.g.Hesaid,“Themancameatsix.”Hesaidthatthemanhadcomeatsix.5）一般将来时变为过去将来时。e.g.Shesaid,“Iwilldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.6）过去完成时不变。e.g.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomework.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。e.g.Theteachertoldus,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.III时态的变化（2）1）含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。e.g.Shesaid,“Hecanswimverywell.”Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.注：1）如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时，间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。e.g.Shesaid,“Hecouldswimverywell.”Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.2）有些情态动词如must,oughtto,need,hadbetter等只有一种形式，那么在间接引语中形式不变。e.g.Hesaid,“Imuststudyhard.”Hesaidthathemuststudyhard.2、直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。引述动词有：tell,ask,order等。它的否定是在to前加not。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。e.g.Isaidtoher,“Pleasegivemeaglassofwater.”Iaskedhertogivemeaglassofwater.Shesaidtohim,“Comeatfiveo’clock.”Shetoldhimtocomeatfiveo’clock.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.3、直接引语为疑问句（1）直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时语序与一般从句相同，用陈述句的语序，be,have等助动词皆放在主语之后。引述动词常用say,ask,wonder,inquire等。直接引语为陈述句变为间接引...
