I.独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing:逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者。如：Timepermitting,wecanhaveawalkaroundtheplaygroundaftersupper.①.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas②._______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas③._______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen④.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.AsitisABCD2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：Theexperimentdone,thestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.①._____,thetrainstarted.A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalB.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving②._____,thetrainstarted.A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.AfterthesignalgivenC.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven③._________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords④.______________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainingD.BeingexplainednewwordsADBA3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.①电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。②Theclothesverydirty,you'dbetterwashthemquickly.衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧!练习：①.______,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions1②._____,thepatientcanleavethehospital.A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions③.____,we’dliketogoouting.A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK④.____,we’dliketogoouting.A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC⑤.____,youcanwaitawhile.A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayD.AandB⑥__,soyoucanwaitawhileA.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.TheplaystillonBCBADA4、逻辑主语+介词短语该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：①OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.我们英语老师走进教室,手里拿着试卷。②Thereisariverinthevalley,freshflowersonthebanks.山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。练习：①.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,___________.A.aswordinhandB.aswordinhishandC.BeingaswordinhandD.swordinhand②.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere___________.A.withaswordinhishandB.withaswordinhandC.withaswordbeinginhandD.aswordbeinginhand③.Helefttheoffice,_____.A.tearsbeingineyesB.tearsineyesC.beingtearsineyesD.withtearsbeingineyes④.Helefttheoffice__.A.withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tearsbeingineyesDABB5.名词或代词主格+不定式Thelastguesttoarrive,ourpartywasstarted.III.独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致(例①)。而分词短语转换...
