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TheSpleenTheSpleenObjectivesObjectivesAfterstudyofthischapter,youshouldbeableAfterstudyofthischapter,youshouldbeableto:to:•LabeltheLabelthemajororgansmajororgansofthedigestiveofthedigestivesystem.system.•DiscusstheDiscussthefunctionofthestomachfunctionofthestomach..•RecognizetheRecognizethebasictermsbasictermsrelatedtotherelatedtothedigestivesystem.digestivesystem.•IdentifytheIdentifytherootsrootsfortheaccessoryorgansinfortheaccessoryorgansinthedigestivesystem.thedigestivesystem.•TrytopresentdifferentTrytopresentdifferentsymptomssymptomsofofdigestivepreambles.digestivepreambles.TheDigestiveSystemTheDigestiveSystem•OralcavityOralcavity•PharynxPharynx•EsophagusEsophagus•DiaphragmDiaphragm•StomachStomach•SpleenSpleen•LiverLiver•SmallintestineSmallintestine•DuodenumDuodenum•LargeintestineLargeintestine•RectumRectum•AnusAnus•PancreasPancreas•AppendixAppendixROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEor/o-mouthoralor/o-mouthoraldent/odent/odent/itoothdentistdent/itoothdentistodont/oteethperiodontistodont/oteethperiodontistlingu/otonguesublinguallingu/otonguesublingualgloss/otongueglossopharyngealgloss/otongueglossopharyngealRootsfortheMouthRootsfortheMouthROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEROOTMEANINGEXAMPLEesophag/oesophagustransesopharyngealesophag/oesophagustransesopharyngealgastr/ostomachgastritisgastr/ostomachgastritisenter/ointestinedysenteryenter/ointestinedysenteryduoden/oduodenumduodenalduoden/oduodenumduodenalduodenoscopyduodenoscopycol/o;colon/ocoloncolonitiscol/o;colon/ocoloncolonitisrect/orectumrectocelerect/orectumrectoceleRootsfortheDigestiveRootsfortheDigestiveTractTractDoyouknowtheDoyouknowthefollowingtermsnow?followingtermsnow?•OronasalOronasal•DentistryDentistry•OdontoplastyOdontoplasty•LinguodentalLinguodental•TransesophagealTransesophageal•HeptogastrostomyHeptogastrostomy•GastrocolostomyGastrocolostomy•胃肠炎胃肠炎•结肠周围的结肠周围的•直肠切除术直肠切除术•牙周炎牙周炎•舌内的舌内的•胃十二指肠纤维镜胃十二指肠纤维镜•胃充血胃充血•消化性溃疡消化性溃疡•急慢性胃炎急慢性胃炎DisordersofDigestiveDisordersofDigestiveSystemSystem•PepticulcerPepticulcer•Acute/chronicgastritisAcute/chronicgastritis•胃癌胃癌•溃疡性结肠炎溃疡性结肠炎GastriccarcinomaGastriccarcinomaUlcerativecolitisUlcerativecolitisDisordersofDigestiveDisordersofDigestiveSystemSystemDisordersofDigestiveDisordersofDigestiveSystemSystem•AcutepancreatitisAcutepancreatitis•UppergastrointestinalUppergastrointestinalhemorrhagehemorrhage急性胰腺炎急性胰腺炎上消化道出血上消化道出血DisordersofDigestiveDisordersofDigestiveSystemSystem•IBSIBS(irritablebowelsyndrome)(irritablebowelsyndrome)•ConstipationConstipation•coloncarcinomacoloncarcinoma•pancreaticcancerpancreaticcancer•pyloricobstructionpyloricobstruction•IleusIleus•hemorrhoidshemorrhoids•肠易激综合征肠易激综合征•便秘便秘•结肠癌结肠癌•胰腺癌胰腺癌•幽门梗阻幽门梗阻•肠梗阻肠梗阻•痔疮痔疮•swallowingdifficultiesswallowingdifficulties•heartburnheartburn•abdominalpainabdominalpain•distendedabdomendistendedabdomen•gastrointestinalbleedinggastrointestinalbleeding（（hematemesis&tarystool)hematemesis&tarystool)•bowelsoundshyperactionbowelsoundshyperaction•hiccup(belch)hiccup(belch)•nauseanauseaSymptomsoftheDigestiveSymptomsoftheDigestiveSystemSystem•吞咽困难吞咽困难•胃灼热胃灼热•腹痛腹痛•腹胀腹胀•消化道出血消化道出血（呕血，便血）（呕血，便血）•肠鸣音亢进肠鸣音亢进•打嗝（呃逆）打嗝（呃逆）•恶心恶心DiagnosticTestsDiagnosticTests•BariumenemaBariumenema•CTscanCTscan•Colonoscopy(directviewingofthelowerColonoscopy(directviewingofthelowerbowel)bowel)•Blood,urine,andstooltestsBlood,urine,andstooltests•EndoscopyofupperGI(gastrointestinal)trEndoscopyofupperGI(gastrointestinal)tract(EGD)act(EGD)•UltrasoundoftheabdomenUltrasoundoftheabdomen•X-raysoftheabdomenX-raysoftheabdomen