习题练习与思考一、名词解释1.疾病(disease)2.病理生理学(pathophysiology)3.药物靶标(drugtarget)4.病理过程(pathologicprocess)5.病因(etiologyagents)6.先天因素(congenitalfactors)7.疾病发生的条件(predisposingfactors)8.诱发因素(precipitatingfactor)9.危险因素(dangerousfactor)10.发病学(pathogenesis)11.完全康复(completerecovery)12.不完全康复(incompleterecovery)13.死亡(death)14.脑死亡(braindeath)15.昏迷16.脱水(dehydration)17.低渗性脱水(hypotonicdehydration)18.“三凹”体征19.高渗性脱水(hypertonicdehydration)20.等渗性脱水(isotonicdehydration)21.水中毒(waterintoxication)22.低钠血症(hyponatremia)23.高钠血症(hypernatremia)24.低钾血症(hypokalemia)25.高钾血症(hyperkalemia)26.酸碱平衡紊乱(acid-basedisturbance)27.固定酸(fixedacid)28.动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)29.标准碳酸氢盐(standardbicarbonate,SB)30.实际碳酸氢盐(actualbicarbonate,AB)31.缓冲碱(bufferbase,BB)32.碱剩余(baseexcess,BE)33.阴离子间隙(aniongap,AG)34.代谢性酸中毒(metabolicacidosis)35.乳酸酸中毒(lacticacidosis)36.酮症酸中毒(ketoacidosis)37.代偿性代谢性酸中毒(compensatedmetabolicacidosis)38.失代偿性代谢性酸中毒(decompensatedmetabolicacidosis)39.呼吸性酸中毒(respiratoryacidosis)40.代谢性碱中毒(metabolicalkalosis)41.呼吸性碱中毒(respiratoryalkalosis)42.混合型酸碱平衡紊乱(mixedacid-basedisorders)43.水肿(edema)44.积水(hydrops)45.滤过分数(filtrationfraction,FF)46.心房利钠肽(atrialnatriureticpolypeptide,ANP)47.“隐性水肿”(recessiveedema)48.心性水肿(cardialedema)49.肾性水肿(renaledema)50.肺水肿(pulmonaryedema)51.间质性肺水肿(intestitialpulmonaryedema)52.肺泡水肿(alveolaredema)53.高压力性肺水肿(high-pressurepulmonaryedema)54.高通透性肺水肿(highpermeabilitypulmonaryedema)。55.脑水肿(cerebraledema)56.血管源性脑水肿(vasogeniccerebraledema)57.细胞毒性脑水肿(cytotoxiccerebraledema)58.渗压性脑水肿(osmoticcerebraledema)59.间质性脑水肿(interstitialcerebraledema)60.缺氧(hypoxia)61.低氧血症(hypoxemia)62.氧分压(partialpressureofoxygen,PO2)63.氧容量(oxygenbindingcapacity,CO2max)64.氧含量(oxygencontent,CO2)65.氧饱和度(oxygensaturation,SO2)66.动–静脉氧差(A-VdO2)67.P5068.低张性缺氧(hypotonichypoxia)69.大气性缺氧(atmospherichypoxia)70.紫绀(cyanosis)71.血液性缺氧(hemichypoxia)72.等张性缺氧(isotonichypoxemia)73.肠源性紫绀(enterogenouscyanosis)74.循环性缺氧(circulatoryhypoxia)75.缺血性缺氧76.组织性缺氧(histogenoushypoxia)77.高原脑水肿(highaltitudecerebraledema,HACE)78.氧中毒79.发热(fever)80.过热(hyperthermia)81.非病理性发热82.致热原(pyrogen)83.发热激活物84.内生致热原(EP)85.体温上升期86.寒战87.高峰期或高热稽留期(fastigium)88.体温下降期89.热的骤退(crisis)90.热的渐退(lysis)91.热限(hyperthermicceiling或febrilelimit)92.稽留热(continuedfever)93.弛张热(remittentfever)94.间歇热(intermittentfever)95.下丘脑终板血管区(organumvasculosumlaminaeterminalis,OVLT)96.应激(stress)或应激反应97.应激原(stressor)98.躯体性应激原99.心理性应激原100.良性应激(eustress)101.劣性应激(distress)102.“全身适应综合征”(generaladaptationsyndrome,GAS)103.警觉期(alarmstage)104.抵抗期(resistancestage)105.衰竭期(exhaustionstage)106.心理社会呆小状态(psychosocialshortstatue)107.急性期反应(acutephaseresponse)10...