GeneralEnglishAdmissionTestForNon-EnglishMajorPh.D.program(HarbinInstituteofTechnology)PassageOneQuestions1-7arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleastoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview,geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated,andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetect:thesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology.B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory.C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsD.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery2.Accordingtopassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystemsAwereformedfrommetamorphicfluids.BoriginatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesCwereformedfromalluvialdepositsDgenerallyhavesurfaceexpression3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?ASurveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwobillionyearsago.BLimitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedformmetamorphicfluid.CUsinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.DUsinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?AThenumberofgolddiscovermadeannuallyhasincreasedbetweenthetimeoftheoriginalgoldrushesandthepresentBNewdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralizationCItisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.DModernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.5.Itc...
