石蒜生物碱成分研究进展摘要石蒜（Lycorisradiata.）是石蒜科石蒜属(LycorisHerb.)植物,是单子叶植物纲，石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae),是一类具地下鳞茎的多年生草本植物,因为其喜生于溪谷石缝处,并且鳞茎形似蒜头,故中文名称之为石蒜,别名有蒜头草、老鸦蒜。石蒜属是单子叶植物纲石蒜科中的一个重要的属，为多年草本植物，野生或载培，是东亚特有属，是一类具有药用价值和经济价值的药用植物。石蒜不仅是优良的园艺植物，也是传统的药用植物。石蒜鳞茎有毒性，味辛，性平，有解毒、祛痰、利尿、催吐之功效，主要应用于治疗咽喉肿痛、痈肿疮毒、水肿、小便不利、咳嗽痰喘、食物中毒等症。现代药理学研究表明,石蒜在延缓衰老等领域具有显著作用。蒜属植物不仅具有极其高的观赏价值,并且也是一类非常重要的药用植物,具有很高的经济价值，其蒜属植物的鳞茎中含多糖、生物碱、黄酮类、凝集素等多种化学成分。从其化学成分的种类及其提取分离方法、检测方法等方面,对石蒜属植物近年来研究的主要进展及一些重要的结果进行了总结归纳,指出今后应该加强石蒜属植物药用成分的积累与环境、生长发育、栽培技术的关系及综合利用研究。关键词：石蒜属；石蒜科生物碱；生物碱；药理学作用AbstractThegenusLycoris(Amaryllidaceae)ismainlydistributedinthetemperatewoodlandsofeasternAsia,particularlyinChinaandJapan.Lycoriscontainsvarioustypesofalkaloidswithawiderangeofbiologicalactivities.Amaryllidaceaealkaloidsaffectthecentralnervoussystemandhaveacetylcholinesterase-inhibitory,analgesic,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antimalarial,antitumor,orantineoplasticactivity.Lycorisradiata,aperennialmonocot,isendemicinChina,JapanandKorea.ItiscommonlyknownasShiShuanandusedinChinaasatraditionalfolkmedicine,fromwhichmorethantenindolealkaloidshavebeenisolated.ThepreviousphytochemicalstudiesrevealedthatL.radiatacontainedcrinine,galanthamine,lycorine,homolycorineandmontaninetypealkaloids.Amaryllidaceaealkaloidswithdiversestructuralarchitecturesareallbiogeneticallyderivedfromnorbelladineoritsderivatives,whichareproducedinplantsfromaromaticaldehydesandtyramineThisreviewisanextensivecoverageofallnaturallyoccurringalkaloidsfromLycorisalongwiththeirvariousbioactivities.Thedistribution,chemotaxonomysignificance,synthesis,andbiologicalactivityofalkaloidsaresummarized.Inthecaseswheresufficientinformationisavailable,thestructure_activityrelationship(SAR)andthemodeofactionoftheactivealkaloidshavebeenpresented.Keywords:Lycoris；Amaryllidaceae；alkaloids;Pharmacologicalactivity目录1引言.............................................................32石蒜生物碱的化学结构..............................................22.1石蒜属植物生物碱的种类..........................................32.2石蒜碱型生物碱.................................................102.3加兰他敏型生物碱................................................32.4文殊兰型或网球花胺型生物碱.......................................33石蒜的提取........................................................33.1传统提取法......................................................33.3微波萃取法......................................................34石蒜碱的分离和纯化................................................34.1传统纯化的方法..................................................34.2色谱法..........................................................34.3树脂吸附法......................................................35石蒜属植物的药用价值..............................................35.1石蒜属植物的药理作用............................................35.1.1抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶作用...............
