中国高铁出口的市场选择策略研究-基于“一带一路”背景 国际贸易专业VIP专享VIP免费

摘要高速铁路凭借其高运输效率、高覆盖面积、高经济带动力、低运输成本、低能耗的特征，正在世界范围内被接受。全球高速铁路运营里程预计将会有井喷式增长。广阔的外部市场也为中国高铁出口带来契机。21世纪以来，中国高速铁路的发展取得了举世瞩目的成就，成为世界上第四个掌握高铁核心技术的国家。在全球经济疲软和中国国家政治经济形势严峻的大背景下，中国提出“一带一路”的国家战略，力求开辟新的政治经济文化交流路径。中国高铁将作为“一带一路”战略的产品向沿线国家出口。正确选择目标市场将决定中国高铁的出口效益。有效的高铁出口不仅可以拉动中国国内的经济，也对亚非欧大陆甚至是全球范围内的道路连通、经贸合作、政治稳定带来深远的影响。中国高铁的有效出口将为“一带一路”战略的实现奠基，为全球经济增长提供新的驱动力。本文首先介绍了世界高铁发展背景，以及中国高铁出口的目的和意义，总结了国内外研究综述，概述本文架构。然后阐述了“一带一路”战略的提出和要义与该战略和中国高铁的互相影响。接着对中国高铁发展做了简要概括，说明了“一带一路”战略提出前后中国高铁出口的不同状况。接下来阐述了中国高铁出口的市场选择现状和存在的问题，然后对影响中国高铁出口的目标市场选择因素和主要目标市场环境做出简要分析。最后分别从国家政府层面和高铁企业层面给中国高铁出口的目标市场选择策略提出建议。本文经过对各大市场的分析，认为中国高铁出口的主要目标市场应该选择亚洲市场、非洲市场和拉美市场。关键词：一带一路；中国高铁；市场选择AbstractHigh-speedrailwayhasbeenwidelyacceptedbecauseoftheirhightransportefficiency,highcoverage,largeeconomicpower,lowtransportationcostsandlowenergyconsumption.Theglobalhigh-speedrailoperatingmileageisexpectedtohaveablowoutgrowth.ThevastexternalmarketalsobringsopportunitiesforChina'shigh-speedrailoutput.Sincethe21stcentury,thedevelopmentofChina'shigh-speedrailwayhasmaderemarkableachievements,andChinabecomesthefourthcountryintheworldtomasterthecoretechnologyofhigh-speedrail.InthecontextoftheglobaleconomicweaknessandChina'snationalpoliticalandeconomicsituation,Chinahasputforwardanationalstrategyof"onebeltandroad"andstrivestoopenupanewpathofpolitical,economicandculturalexchanges.China'shigh-speedrailwillbeusedasaproductof"onebeltandroad"strategytoexportalongthecountry.AgoodchoiceofthetargetmarketwilldeterminetheoutputefficiencyofChina'shigh-speedrail.Effectivehigh-speedrailoutputcannotonlystimulateChina'sdomesticeconomy,butalsohasprofoundinfluenceontheconnectionofAsian-Africancontinent'sroad,economicandtradecooperation,politicalstability.TheeffectiveoutputofChina'shigh-speedrailwilllaythegroundworkfortherealizationofthe"onebeltandroad"strategyandprovidenewdriversforglobaleconomicgrowth.Thispaperintroducedthedevelopmentbackgroundoftheworldhigh-speedrail,aswellasthepurposeandsignificanceofChina'shigh-speedrailoutput,summedupthedomesticandinternationalresearchsummary,outlinedthestructureofthisarticle.Andthenthispaperelaboratedthe"onebeltandroad"strategyandthemeaningofitandtheChinesehigh-speedrailwitheachother.Afterthat,ImadeabriefsummaryofthedevelopmentofChina'shigh-speedrail,illustratesthedifferentsituationofChina'shigh-speedrailexportsbeforeandaftertheproposeof"onebeltandroad"strategy.Followedthesummaryareanalysisofthemainfactorsofhigh-speedrailoutputandseveralmajortargetmarketenvironment.Finally,thispapermaderecommendationstotheChinesehigh-speedrailoutputstrategyfromthenationallevelandtheenterpriselevel.Afteranalysisofthemainmarket,thispaperthinksthatChinesemaintargetmarketforhigh-speedrailexportsshouldbeAsianmarket,African...