一、被动语态的构成形式1.1)am/is/are+done一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)willbedonebegoingtobedonebeabouttobedone/betobedone一般将来时8)wouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedone过去将来时9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时10)情态动词的被动结构情态动词+be+过去分词例如shouldbedonecouldhavebeendone2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.2)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.3)在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.3.非谓语动词的被动语态todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone例Sheaskedtobegivensomeworktodo.她要求给她一些工作做。Beingprotectedbyawall,hefeltquitesafe.有墙作保护,他感到很安全。Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I’llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。二、Itissaidthat+从句可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.类似句型有:Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…人们相信,Itishopedthat…人们希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…人们认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议三、主动形式表示被动意义1.vi.动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,描述主语特征时,常用主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。2.系动词没有被动形式,连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.3.在need,want,require,deserve(因受,值得)blame后,用动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这房子需要修理。Hedeservedpunishing/tobepunished.Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.5.“主语+be+形容词+不定式”这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.6.“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:undercontrol受控制undertreatment在治疗中underrepair在修理中underdiscussion在讨论中underconstruction在施工中例Thebuildingisunderrepair.7.beseated坐着;behidden躲藏;belost迷路;bedrunk喝醉;bedressed穿着四.不能用被动语态的几种情况:(1)不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用被动语态。如happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等。(3)表示归属的动词,如have,own,belongto等。