基于GIS的矿区流域生态安全诊断研究摘要生态安全研究是可持续发展、地理学、生态学及资源与环境科学等的热点问题。为了诊断矿区流域存在的生态环境问题及生态安全状况,以国际河流澜沧江支流和上游分布有亚洲最大铅锌矿的沘江流域为研究区,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型,构建了4个层次、18个评价因子的指标体系;对因子进行熵权法赋权重后,运用生态安全综合评价模型,在GIS技术的支持下以30m×30m精度的栅格为基本评价单元,对沘江流域内各栅格单元及各乡镇的生态安全进行诊断。诊断结果分为非常安全、较安全、基本安全、预警、不安全和极不安全6个等级,研究结果将为保障流域生态安全提供数据基础与科学依据。研究结果表明,2020年沘江流域的生态安全状况整体上较好,有65.13%的流域面积处于安全状态,中下游流域的生态安全状况较上游矿区及其周围区域要好,居民区与矿区周围生态安全状况差,占流域面积的15.34%;流域内安全等级分布具有明显的区域性,在各乡镇中除金顶镇处于不安全状态、宝丰乡处于预警状态之外,其余各乡镇均处于安全状态。经实地调查,研究结果与沘江流域生态环境现状相吻合,人为干扰是引起流域部分区域安全状况低下的主要原因,而在人为活动中,铅锌矿的开采是造成流域生态不安全的最主要原因。关键词生态安全诊断;压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型;沘江流域;铅锌矿开发中图分类号S181.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2020)07-256-05StudyonDiagnosisofEcologicalSecurityinBijiangWatershedbyGISHEChun-lan1,ZHAOXiao-qing2*,ZHANGHong1(1.YunnanLandandResourcesVocationCollege,Kunming,Yunnan652501;2.SchoolofResource&EnvironmentandEarthScience,YunnanUniversity,Kunming,Yunnan650091)AbstractEcologicalsecurityisahotissueof此资料由网络收集而来,如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享,我们负责传递知识。sustainabledevelopment,geography,ecologyandenvironmentalscience.Inordertodiagnoseeco-environmentalproblemsandecologicalsecuritystatusofminingwatershed,thisarticletakesBijiangwatershedasthestudyarea.BijiangRiverisabranchofinternationalLancangriverandintheupperreachofBijiangwatershed,itistheAsia’slargestlead-zincmine.BasedonthePressure-State-Response(PSR)modelandGIStechnology,thisarticleconstructedtheindexsystemof4levelsand18evaluationfactors,took30m×30mgridasbasicevaluationunit,usedecologicalsecuritycomprehensiveappraisalmethodstodiagnosethegridcellsandthetowns’ecologicalsecurityafterusingtheentropyweightmethod.Thediagnosisresultsaredividedintosixlevelswhichisverysafe,safer,basicsecurity,earlywarning,unsafeandveryunsafe.Theresultswillprovidedataandscientificbasistoprotectwatershedeco-security.Theresultsshowthat:ecologicalsecurityinBijiangwatershedin2020isgoodfromentirety.Thereare65.13%oftheareaisinsafeconditionandtheecologicalsecurityofmidstreamanddownstreamisbetterthantheupstream.Theworriedstatusofecologicalsecuritywasinresidential,industrialandminingareawhichareaccountedfor15.34%ofwatershedarea.Securityleveldistributioninwasnotbalanced,whichhasevidentregionalcharacteristics.Inthetownships,JingdingTownisinunsafecondition,BaofengTownisinearlywarningstatus,andtherestofthetownshipsareinsafecondition.Afterthefieldsurvey,the此资料由网络收集而来,如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享,我们负责传递知识。evaluationresultsarecoincidedwiththesituationofBijiangRivervalleynow,andlead-zincmineexploitedisthemostimportantman-madefactorwhichcausedecologicalinsecurity.此资料由网络收集而来,如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享,我们负责传递知识。