论正当防卫的必要限度ResearchonJustifiableDefenseNecessaryLimits摘要正当防卫,是我国法令授予公民的一种重要权利,也是一种十分有意义的免责事由,并且同样是对我国法律的一项重要弥补轨制。根据制定正当防卫制度的意图,和正当防卫的寄义中,我们很明显可以看出,正当防卫应该有其必要限度。正当防卫的必要限度,即是介于实现正当防卫目的的防卫行为水平的下限,和不产生不必要的损害后果的上限之间的强度区域。在这一区域之中,正当防卫才能保持其正当性稳定不变,也能维护国度、大众利益,自己或者别人的权益。本文由引言,第一、二、三、四部分和结语组成。引言部分及时对全文内容的一个引出,也是对全文内容的一个小的概括。本文第一章首先简单介绍了一个非常典型的,有关正当防卫的案例。本文第二章讨论的是正当防卫必要限度的涵义。之所以要研究正当防卫必要限度的含义,是因为要了解任何事物,明白其含义都是第一步,只有明白了含义才能继续进行更加深入的探索过程。本文第三章讨论的是正当防卫必要限度的判断准绳。我国理论学界主要有“基本相适应说”“客观需要说”和“足以制止说”,对此,笔者赞同的是“足以制止说”。它是另外两种学说相互结合统一的结果,兼顾了正当防卫必要限度的上限和下限。本文第四章讨论的是特殊防卫。至于特殊防卫,笔者认为其是一种有别于普通之外的正当防卫,因其所涉及的对象范围具有特殊性而被单独列出。结语部分是对全文的总结。关键词:正当防卫;必要限度;防卫行为;防卫过当;特殊防卫AbstractJustifiabledefenseisanimportantrightthatourcountrygiventocitizensbythelawandanimportantexemptionsaswell.Thisisalsoavitalcomplementarysystemofourcountry’slaw.Fromtheaimofsettingupasystemofjustifiabledefenseandthemeaningofjustifiabledefense,istheintensityareabetweenthelowerlimitoftheactofdefenselevelthatrealizethepurposeofjustifiabledefenseandthelowerlimitthatdoesnotproduceunnecessaryinjuryconsequence.Onlyinthisrangethatjustifiabledefensecanmaintainitslegitimacyandcansafeguardnationalandpublicinterestsandtherightsandinterestsofourselvesorothers.Thispaperiscomposedoftheinstruction,thefirst,second,third,fourthandthesummaryparts.Theinstructionpartisabeginningofthispaperandalsoanabstractofallthecontentofthispaper.Thefirstpartsimplyexplainsaverytypicalcaseaboutjustifiabledefense.Fromthiscase,thenecessityandimportanceoftheconfirmationofthenecessarylimitsofjustifiabledefenseissignificantlyemphasizedandalsobegindiscussingthenecessarylimitsofjustifiabledefensetofurtherstudyinthefollowingparts.Thesecondpartdiscussesthemeaningofthenecessarylimitsofjustifiabledefense,forknowingthemeaningofanything,thefirststepistounderstanditsmeaningandonlybythiswaytheexplorationcangodeeper.Thethirdpartistodiscussthestandardofthenecessarylimitsofjustifiabledefense.Therearethreemaintheoriesdomesticallywhicharebasicallymutualadaptation,objectivedemandsandjuststop.Theauthoragreeswiththetheoryofjuststopwhichisthecombinationofthebasicallymutualadaptationandobjectivedemandstheoryandcontainstheupperandlowerlimitsofthenecessarylimitsofjustifiabledefense.Thefourthparttellsthespecialdefense.Asforthis,theauthorthinksthatitbelongstoonekindofjustifiabledefenseanditissingledoutbecausethescopeofitsobjectshasitsspecificity.Thesummarypartisasummaryofthispaper.Keywords:Justifiabledefense;necessarylimits;actofdefense;unjustifiabledefense;specialdefense目录引论...............................................................................................................................................................1一、由案例引发的问题................................................................