动词不定式，动名词用法归纳定义：是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。它不受到主语的人称和数的限制，它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制分类："带to的不定式"和"不带to的不定式,肯定式to+v原形,否定式notto+v原形,疑问式:疑问词+to+v原形1.作主语Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.2.Ittakessbsometimetodosth=sbspendsometimedoingsth有以下三种句型：句型（1）不定式短语+谓语动词句型（2）It's+形容词(人的品质特征)+of逻辑主语+不定式短语It's+形容词(事情性质)+for逻辑主语+不定式短语It’sfoolish/clever/kindofyoutodothis.It’simportantforyoutolearnEnglishwell.晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害_________________________要他戒烟是不可能的。______________________________________-你和他那样（likethat）说话真是太傻了。foolish2．作宾语(位于及物动词后)Iforgottoturntheovenon.1）有如下动词：agree,ask,begin，decide,expect,forget,hate,hope，learn,like,love,offer,prefer，refuse,start,try,want,wish，pretend,hopetodosth.hopesb.todosth.(×)hopethat+从句2）主语+谓语动词+it+形容词+不定式IfinditimportanttostudyEnglishwell.我们认为说谎(tellalie)是不对的。我发现不可能在三天内把那项工作完成。3．作宾补(位于宾语后)Willyouhelpmeplantthistree,please?1）get,ask,order,like,want,tell,know,help…+sb.todosth.2）make,let(使役动词),see,watch,hear（感官动词）,have,feel,notice,listento,please+sb.dosth.Whynot+v原形hadbetter+v原形1see,watch,hear（感官动词）+sb.doing强调状态(动作正在发生)see,watch,hear（感官动词）+sb.do强调动作(经常或已经发生)但是，这种句子改为被动语态的时候，除let外，应该改用带to的不定式。bemade/seen/watched/heard…todosth.4．不定式短语作定语时，必须放在名词,代词的后面，作后置定语Hehasalotofquestionstoask.该上课了。_______________-你有一些吃的东西吗？Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?Somethingtoeat/drinkBeijingisagoodplacetogosightseeing.这是解决这个问题的最好办法。5．作表语(位于be动词后)Disney’sgreatestwishwastobeafamousartist.她的梦想是当一名歌手.________________我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。_____________________6.作状语(位于不及物动词后,形容词beglad/happy/sorry/afaid等后)Heranforalongtimeandstoppedtohavearest.I’msorrytobelateforschool.Heisafraidtogooutatnight.7．疑问词+不定式Idon’tknowwhattodo./howtodoit./wheretogo/whattobuyforhim./Why/whentoleave.疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,why等后面加上不定式to，构成的一种不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语和表语等。8.有关用不定式改写句子A.so/such...that+否定从句可与too….to/notenoughto转换Shewassotierdthatshecouldnotstand_____Shewastootiredtostand.Thiscoatissosmallthatshecan’twear.______Thiscoatisnotbigenoughforhertowear.Wouldyoutellmewhichway(Ishould)take?_______Wouldyoutellmewhichwaytotake.动名词肯定式doing,否定式notdoingNosmokingNotalking21.做主语:Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.2.做宾语:1)做动词宾语.如:likedoing/enjoyingdoing/finishdoing/stopdoing/minddoing/spenddoing/practicedoing/considerdoing/forgetdoing/rememberdoing2)做介词宾语:goondoing/keepondoing/withoutdoing/thanksfordoing/endupdoing/giveupdoing/what/howaboutdoing3.位于形容词后:bebusydoing/beworthdoing/havetroubledoing/havefundoing4.做表语:位于be动词后:如.Herjobistakingcareofthechildren.3
