专题九动词的被动语态栏目索引总纲目录考点示例考点一中考考查的三种被动语态考点二含有动词短语的被动语态考点三在see/hear/notice/watch/make等+宾语+dosth的结构中,若动词使用被动语态,则补语由do变为todo考点四主动形式表达被动意义常考点清单一、被动语态的构成及用法二、主动语态和被动语态的转换栏目索引考点示例考点示例考点一中考考查的三种被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天被(我们)打扫。例1(2016河南中考)Wearegoingtotakethehigh-speedtraintoXi'antomorrow,soanearlyarrivalatthestation.A.advisesB.isadvisedC.isadvisingD.wasadvised解析句意:我们明天将乘坐高铁去西安,所以建议大家早点到车站。本题考查动词的被动语态。根据语境可知,设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B项。答案B栏目索引考点示例例2—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.—Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering解析主语Morechances与offer是被动关系,故用动词的被动语态,故选B。答案B例3—theInternetinyourschool?—Yes,butthecomputerinourofficeoftenbreaksdown.A.Is;usedB.Is;usingC.Does;useD.Has;used解析句意:——你们学校使用因特网吗?——是的,但我们办公室的电脑经常出故障。问句中主语theInternet和use是被动关系,故用被动语态,再根据语境可知应该用一般现在时,故选A。答案A栏目索引考点示例2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhimjustnow.这个风筝是刚刚被他制作的。例4(2016河北中考)Emilyisgladthatsheforherhonestyatthatmeeting.A.praisesB.praisedC.ispraisedD.waspraised解析句意:Emily很高兴,在那次会议上她因为她的诚实受到了表扬。本题考查被动语态。she和praise之间是被动关系。由atthatmeeting可知,从句应用一般过去时。被动语态结构:be+动词过去分词。故选D。答案D栏目索引考点示例例5Theoldmanwhogaveawaylotsofmoneyhighlyofatyes-terday'smeeting.A.spokeB.spokenC.wasspokenD.werespoken解析句意:在昨天的会议上,捐献巨款的老人受到了高度评价。句中主语Theoldman和speak之间为被动关系,故用动词的被动语态,再根据语境和yesterday可知应该用一般过去时,故选C。答案C栏目索引考点示例3.一般将来时的被动语态:will+be+doneTreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.他们明天将去植树。例6(2016北京中考)Anewroadnearmyschoolnextyear.A.buildsB.willbuildC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt解析句意:在我的学校附近有一条新路明年将被建成。本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语为Anewroad,它与build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,构成方式是“be+过去分词”,时间状语为nextyear,所以是一般将来时的被动语态,故选D。答案D栏目索引考点示例例7ItisreportedthatDaimiaoCultureSquareinTaiannextyear.A.willbebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebuiltD.willbuild解析句意:据报道,岱庙文化广场将于明年在泰安建成。DaimiaoCul-tureSquare和build是被动关系,故用动词的被动语态,再根据nextyear可知选A。答案A栏目索引考点示例考点二含有动词短语的被动语态不及物动词加上介词构成的动词短语,在变被动语态时,注意不可省略介词。这类短语有:takecareof,talkto,speakto,lookat,listento,laughat等。Hewaslaughedatbythematthemeetingyesterday.在昨天的会议上,他被他们取笑了。栏目索引考点示例例—Theoldmancan'tlikethat.—Sorry,Iwon'tdoitagain.A.speakB.speaktoC.bespokenD.bespokento解析句意:——(你)不能那样跟那位老人说话。——对不起,我再也不会了。前句主语为Theoldman,与动词之间为被动关系,选择时要考虑到动词必须用及物动词的被动语态。speak作“说话”的意思讲时本身为不及物动词,要表达被动关系时,应该用speakto,故选D。答案D栏目索引考点示例考点三在see/hear/notice/watch/make等+宾语+dosth.的结构中,若动词使用被动语态,则补语由do变为todoTheboywasmadetoworkfortwohoursyesterday.昨天那个男孩被迫工作了两个小时。Heisoftense...
