美国医院联合会人血白蛋白、非蛋白胶体及晶体溶液使用指南(中英对照)

Adapted from UHC Guidelines for the Use of Albumin, Nonprotein Colloid, and Crystalloid Solutions, May 2000. 美国医院联合会人血白蛋白、非蛋白胶体及晶体溶液使用指南（2000 年 5 月） Hemorrhagic Shock  Crystalloids should be considered the initial resuscitation fluid of choice.  Nonprotein colloids may be considered over crystalloids when crystalloids (4 L) have failed to produce a response within 2 hours for adult patients.  When nonprotein colloids are contraindicated*, albumin 5 percent may be used.  Patients who experience shock symptoms while under-going hemodialysis are included in this guideline. 出血性休克  晶体溶液可以作为首选药物用于扩张血容量。  成人患者输入 4L 晶体液后 2 小时无效，可考虑非蛋白胶体液。  当对非蛋白胶体液有禁忌，可以考虑使用 5％白蛋白。  在进行血液透析过程中出现休克表现，也符合如上处理原则。 Nonhemorrhagic (Maldistributive) Shock  Crystalloids should be considered first-line therapy for nonhemorrhagic shock. Clinical trials have not shown colloids to be more effective in treating sepsis.  In the presence of capillary leak with pulmonary and/or severe peripheral edema, the administration of up to 4 L of crystalloids in adults before using colloids is appropriate.  If nonprotein colloids are contraindicated*, albumin may be given.  Nonprotein colloids and albumin should be used with caution in patients with systemic sepsis. 非出血性（分布异常性）休克  对于非出血性休克，晶体溶液可作为一线治疗药物。临床研究尚未证实胶体溶液用于治疗败血症更有效。  发生毛细血管渗漏伴肺水肿或严重外周水肿时，使用胶体溶液之前，成人患者应先给予 4L 晶体溶液。  如果非蛋白胶体溶液存在禁忌，给予白蛋白。  对于败血症的患者，应慎用非蛋白胶体和白蛋白。 Thermal Injury  Fluid resuscitation should be initiated with crystalloid solutions.  If crys...