（1） We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. 主干识别：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education 其他成分：within the broad educational process 状语 which we have been so far considering “ process”的定语 that of direct tuition or schooling. 同位语 翻译点拨：distinguish 区分出… consider 考虑/讨论 tuition 直接讲授 schooling 学校教育 主句的处理：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education 直接翻译为：我们进而被引导去区分…(引导我们的就是我们自己)。翻译中常常是将被动变为主动，“得以…”是常见的替换方。 同位语的处理：that of direct tuition or schooling. 改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。 参考译文： 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。 （2）From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 【词汇突破】democratic：民主的 populist：平民主义的 【主干识别:】our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定语从句 【其他成分】says Hofstadter 插入语；our democratic and populist urges have driven us to …可提炼出 sth has driven sb to do … 这个句型； that smells of elitism 定语从句，修饰 anything。（注意 smell 的介词搭配） 【微观解析】若是觉得插入语干扰了正常的理解，可将这个句子变为 Hofstadter aid ,”From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism。”这样的由直接引语构成的宾语从句会降低句子的难度 【难点揭秘】灵活的利用插入语改变句式是这个句子给我们的启示。 【译文赏析】Hofstadter 说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝...
