EnglishＬｅxicology(英语词汇学）Lexicology(词汇学):isabｒancｈofｌinguistｉｃｓ，inqｕirｉnginｔoｔheoｒiginsaｎdmｅaningsｏｆwords．ＴhｅNatｕrｅandSｃｏpeｏfＥngｌisｈlｅｘicｏlogy:EnｇlｉshlexｉcologyaiｍsatiｎvestigａｔiｎｇandstudyｉngｔｈｅmｏrpｈｏｌｏgicaｌsｔruｃtuｒｅsofEngｌｉsｈｗordsaｎdwoｒdeｑｕivａｌentｓ,ｔheirsemａnｔicｓtructurｅs,ｒelatｉoｎs，hiｓtoｒicalｄevelopmｅnｔ，ｆormaｔionandusaｇｅs.TｈesuｂｊecｔsthatEｎglishLeｘiｃolｏgｙcｏrｒeｌatedｗithandｅxtentto:ＥnglishＬｅxｉcoloｇyiscorreｌaｔｅdwitｈsuｃｈlｉnｇuisｔicdiscipｌｉnesasmorｐhｏloｇｙ(形态学)，ｓemａnｔics(语义学）,etymoloｇｙ（词源学),stylｉｓｔiｃs(文体论)ａｎｄlexiｃｏgrapｈy（词典学)TｈereasｏｎforａstｕｄenｔtostudyEｎglisｈlexｉcology：Accordinｇtoｔhetextboｏｋ,EnｇlishＬexicoｌogyｗｉｌｌdｅｆinｉtelｙbeｂeneficiaｌｆorｓtｕdentsofEnglｉsｈ.ＡｇoodknowlｅdgｅofｍorphoｌoｇｉｃalsｔructuｒesoｆEnglishwordsandrulesofｗｏｒd-fｏｒmatｉｏnwillheｌpleａrnersdevelｏｐtheｉrｐｅrsｏnａlｖocabｕｌaryandconsciouｓlyincrｅａsetｈeirwordpower.Thｅiｎfｏrmatioｎｏfｔhehistｏricaldeｖeｌopmentａndtｈeｐrinｃiｐlesoｆｃｌassiｆicatｉonwiｌlgiｖetｈemａdeeperundeｒsｔａｎdingoｆword-meaningandeｎablｅtheｍtooｒgａnｉｚe,clａssｉfｙａｎdｓｔoｒewordｓmｏreeffectivelｙ.Tｈeunｄerstaｎdiｎｇandtheirsensereｌａtioｎｓwｉllｇraｄualｌｙraiｓeｔheirａｗａｒｅｎessofmeａｎingandｕｓage，andｅnabletｈｅmuｓewoｒdsmorｅａｃcuratｅlyａｎdaｐproｐriaｔeｌy.Aworkingknowledgｅｏfｄictiｏｎarieswｉllimprovetheirskｉllsofusｉngｒｅｆｅreｎcｅbooｋsandraisｅthｅirproblｅm-solvinｇａbｉlｉtｙaｎdｅfｆicｉenｃｙｏfｉndｉviduaｌｓtudｙ.Ｃhａpter1--BａsiｃcoｎcｅptｓoｆwordsａｎdvocabｕlａryWord(词的定义）:Aｗordisamiｎiｍalfrｅeformofａｌanguaｇethathａsaｇivensoundandmｅaningaｎdsyntacｔicfunction.（1)aminimalfreeformｏfalanguａge(２)asｏuｎｄunｉty(3)aunitoｆｍeaｎinｇ（4)ａfｏrmthaｔｃanfuncｔionalｏneｉｎａsｅntｅｎce资料Soｕndandｍeaning（声音与意义）:almosｔarbitｒaｒy，“noｌogiｃalrelationshｉpbｅtweeｎｔhesoundｗhｉcｈｓtaｎdsｆorathingoｒanideaａｎｄthｅａctualthinｇaｎｄidｅａitｓelｆ”Ｓoｕndandｆorｍ（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因(1)theEngｌishalphabetwasadoptedfroｍtｈeRｏｍａns，wｈichdoesｎothａveａseｐaraｔelｅｔtertorepresｅｎteachothｅr（2)tｈeprｏnuｎｃiaｔioｎｈaｓcｈａｎgedｍorｅｒapidlｙthａnspelｌｉngovertheyears(3）sｏmｅoｆtheｄiffeｒenceｗereｃreａtesｂｙtheeａrlyscｒibeｓ(4)thｅｂorrowinｇsiｓanimｐoｒtantchａnneｌofenricｈingtheEngｌiｓhvｏcabｕlarｙVoｃabulａｒy（词汇):aｌlｔhewordｓｉnalangｕａgｅｍakeupiｔsvocaｂularyCｌａsｓｉficａｔioｎｏｆEnglｉshＷordｓ:Bｙusｅｆrｅｑuenｃｙ:ｂasicｗｏrｄｓｔoｃk&noｎbａsiｃvocａbｕlaｒyByｎoｔioｎ:ｃontentwords＆functionａlwordｓByoｒｉｇin:natｉvｅwoｒｄs&bｏrrowedwordsTｈｅbasicｗordstｏck(基本词汇）:isthefoundａtionｏfｔheｖocａbularyaccｕｍulａtedovercenturiｅｓａndfｏrmsthecommｏnｃoreｏfthelanguａgｅ.ＴhoｕgｈitcｏnstituteasｍａllpercentageoftheEＶ，itｉsｔｈemｏｓtimpoｒtantpartofvocabuｌaｒy．TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicＷordStｏck(基本词汇的特征):1)Ａll－Nａtionaｌｃharａｃter(全民通用性mｏstiｍｐｏrtant)2)Sｔａｂiliｔy（相对稳定性）3)Ｐｒodｕctiｖitｙ(多产性)４)Poｌysemy（多义性）5)Coｌlocabｉlity（可搭配性)没有上述特征的wｏrｄs:(１)Tｅrmiｎｏloｇy(术语）（２)Ｊargon(行话)(3)sｌaｎｇ(俚语)(4)Aｒｇot（暗语)（５)Dｉalectalwor...
