欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结

欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结1.希腊罗马 Homer Author of epics Sappho Lyric poet三 大 悲 剧 家 :Aeschylus Tragic dramatist Sophocles Tragic dramatist Euripides Tragic dramatist喜剧家：Aristophanes Comedy writer历史学家：Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history Thucydides wrote about wars between Athens and Sparta and Athens and Syracuse the greatest historian that have ever lived哲学和科学：Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics Heracleitue Fire is the primary element Democritus Materialist， one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory Socrates Dissect of oneself, virtue was high worth of life ， dialectical method Plato Man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideasAristotle Direct observation ， theory follow fact, idea and matter together made concrete individual realities Euclid a textbook of geometry Archimedes when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced “Give me a place to stand and I‘ll move the World"Others Diogenes （ the Cynics) Pyrrhon （ the Sceptics ） Epicurus （ the Epicureans) Zeno（the Stoics)4th century B.C。后半叶希腊在 Alexander, king of Macedon 的领导下，5th century B.C。达到顶峰146 B。C.被罗马攻克2.基督教和圣经 Jews—以前叫 Hebrews,3800B。C。穿过中东沙漠，1300B.C.Moses 带领 Hebrews 离开埃及 ， 开 始 他 们 的 Exodus, 他 在 Sinai 山 定 了 ten commandments in the name of God ， 40 年 后Hebrews定居Pelestine， known as Canaan ， Hebrew 人 的 历 史 口 头 传 送 记 入 the old Testament， 6th century B.C。,他们在 Babylon 形成 synagogue（忧太集会）来发扬他们的教义。Jesus Christ 生活在第一个罗马帝国 Augustus， Emperor Constantine 1 于 313 年 宣 布 基 督 教 合法,Empero...