筛选具有优良组织培养特性的小麦品种及成熟胚半胚培养的有效性

筛选具有优良组织培育特性的小麦品种及成熟胚半胚培育的有效性生物科学 2024 级 陈黎指导老师 晏本菊 教授摘 要：为了筛选具有良好组织培育特性的优良小麦品种作为转基因受体，使转基因小麦能尽快得到应用，四个小麦品种绵阳 11、川农 12、川农 17、川农 18 的幼胚和成熟胚以及七个 2024 年参加四川省区试的小麦品系的成熟胚被用来进行离体培育，考察其组织培育特性。结果表明，十三个品种（系）的成熟胚成愈率都达 90%以上，但成熟胚来源的愈伤组织的植株再生率存在很大差异：七个小麦品系的植株再生率都低于 20%，而四个小麦品种的植株再生率都达 35%以上。另外，四个小麦品种的幼胚成愈率及植株再生率都分别达 90%和 63%以上。因此本讨论为小麦的遗传转化提供了几个新的优良受体品种。而且，本讨论进行成熟胚培育时，采纳半胚培育的方式，一方面有效地克服了成熟胚在诱导培育基上直接萌发的现象，另一方面提高了成熟胚来源的愈伤组织分化为多苗的能力。该再生体系可以作为小麦胚培育的参考。关键词：小麦，幼胚，成熟胚，组织培育特性，植株再生Culling elite wheat cultivars with good tissue culture response and cultivating half-mature embryos effectivelyChen Li Biological Science, Grade 2024 Directed by Yan Benju (Prof. Ph. D)Abstract: In order to screen elite wheat cultivars with good tissue culture response as recipients of wheat transformation and speed up the application of transgenic wheat, the immature and mature embryos of four wheat cultivars “Chuannong12”, “Chuannong17”, “Chuangnong18”, “Mianyang11” and of seven wheat lines, which were used for area test in Sichuan province in 2024, were cultured in vitro. The results indicate that mean callus induction rate of mature embryos was over 90%. However, significant differences were observed among the callus initiated from these mature embryos. The plant regeneration rate of callus initiated from mature embryo of the seven wheat lines were less than 20% and plant regeneration rate of callus initiated from mature embryo of ...