“新冠肺炎”病毒疫情影响下的消费者权益保护分析—从旅游合同中的不可抗力视角论文)

(论文)摘 要2020 年初，中国突然爆发“新冠肺炎”疫情并迅速波及至全世界，对生产生活造成了巨大的冲击。其中，旅游业因其本身人员密集性，跨区域性的特点受此次疫情影响尤为严重。旅游者纷纷取消旅游行程，并以疫情为不可抗力要求与旅行社解除旅游合同并全额退款，但一些旅行社由于种种原因拒不履行退款义务，有关旅游纠纷的投诉和诉讼激增。为探究“新冠肺炎”疫情能否认定为不可抗力以及保护旅游者的权益，文章采用文献分析法和案例分析法，首先界定了旅游合同、旅游合同解除权以及不可抗力的概念；其次结合法国法与英美法关于不可抗力的判定标准，对我国不可抗力制度做了评析，得出了三类适用不可抗力的情形（自然力、社会原因、国家行为）；并结合以上内容及此次疫情期间的旅游者维权的实际案例得出了疫情符合不可抗力的认定标准且是导致旅游者无法履行合同义务的直接原因的结论；最后，就当前我国旅游纠纷调判比较低，旅游者权利易受侵害旅游者任意解除权存在的不足以及旅游合同中格式条款的问题给出了立法和司法层面的建议。- I -关键词： 旅游合同，解除权，不可抗力，旅游者权益(论文)Consumer protection under the COVID-19：From the perspective of force majeure in tourism contractAbstractCOVID-19 suddenly broke out in China and quickly spread to the whole world in early 2020. By now,the virus have made a great impact on production and daily life. Among them, the tourism is particularly affected by COVID-19 because of its own characteristics of densely populated and trans-regional. Tourists canceled their travel itinerary one after another, required terminate the travel contract with the travel agency and request a refund in full by the reason of force majeure. However, some travel agencies refuse to perform the obligation of refund due to various reasons, and the complaints and lawsuits about tourism disputes increase sharply.In order to explore whether COVID-19 can be considered as force majeure and protect the tourists’ rights, the paper first defines the concept of tourism contract, the tour...