独立主格结构独立主格结构就是由一个相当于主语得名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成得一种独立主格成分。With( without) 得复合结构可以瞧作就是独立主格结构中得一种形式。 一、独立主格结构得特点 1)独立主格结构得逻辑主语与句子得主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面得分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等就是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 The test finished, we began our holiday、 = When the test was finished, we began our holiday、 4) 当表示人体部位得词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词 二、独立主格结构得构成: 名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。 1.名词(或代词) + 现在分词 现在分词表示前面得名词或代词主动进行得动作或状态。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story、 Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class、 The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV、 注意:现在分词 being 或 having been 在独立主格结构中可以省略。 The weather(being)fine, we decided to go on an outing、 独立主格结构中得 being 在下列两种情况下一般不能省略, 一就是在“There being + 名词”结构中, There being no bus, we had to walk home、 二就是在逻辑主语就是代词得情况下。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed、 2.名词(或代词) + 不定式(短语) 不定式表示将来得动作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food、 Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful、 3.名词(或代词) + 过去分词 过去分词表示前面得名词或代词被动完成得动作。 The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head、 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved、 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard、 4.名词(或代词) + 形容词(短语) 形容词(短语)在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词得性质、状态 The floor wet, we had to ...
