第一章名 词名词得数一、可数名词与不可数名词得区别1.定义:可数名词:普通名词中得个体名词与集体名词可以用数目来计算,有单复数之分不可数名词:没有单复数之分,物质名词与抽象名词属于不可数名词2.可数名词与不可数名词得主要区别:1)可数名词可以被 a/an 修饰,且有复数形式,而不可数名词不可以被 a/an 修饰,且没有复数形式2)有些限定词只能修饰可数名词,某些则只能修饰不可数名词,而某些则既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词只能修饰可数名词得有:few, many= a number of, a great/good many, a great many of 等只能修饰不可数名词得有:much, little, a large amount of, a great deal of即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词得有:some, any, plenty of, a lot of, a large quantity of 只能修饰可数名词单数得有: many a, more than one3)有些不可数名词有相应得名词表其个体:Bread- a loaf, work- a job, clothing- a garment, poetry- a poem, traffic- a vehicle, jewellery- a jewel4)有些不可数名词加 s,含义发生变化。如:Time 时间- times 时代;paper 纸-papers 文件,报纸,论文,卷纸;manner 方式- manners 礼貌, water 水- waters 水域 二、可数名词复数得构成规则如下:1.大部分名词构成复数时,在词尾加 s,如:Cup –cups, truck-trucks2.以因素[s] [z][ tʃ][dʒ] [ʒ] ,结尾得名词构成复数时,在词尾加- es,如,Bus- buses, box-boxes, bridge –bridges, watch- watches3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾得名词构成复数时,直接加 s,如:City- cities, party- parties, body- bodies4.以元音字母加 y 结尾得名词构成复数时,直接加 s,如:Boy- boys, play- plays, day- days, key- keys5.以辅音字母加 o 结尾得名词构成复数时,通常在词尾加 es,也有特别情况,如:1) Hero- heroes, potato- potatoes, tomato- tomatoes, negro- negroes, mango- mangoes, buffalo- buffaloes, echo(回声)-echoes, tornado(龙卷风)- tornadoes, torpedo(鱼雷)- torpedoes, domino(多米诺骨牌)- dominoes, veto(否决,否决权)- vetoes, mosquito(蚊子)- mosquitoes 2)一些外来词,特别就是音乐方面得词,在词尾加 s,如:Piano- pianos, solo(独唱,独奏)- solos, concerto(协奏曲)- concertos, tobacco- tobaccos, mott...
