非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词得概念 动词得基本用法就是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填得动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词得 ing : doing 3、 动词得过去分词:done ★不定式:表示目得与将来;动词得 ing:表示主动与进行;过去分词:表示被动与完成。二、非谓语动词得时态与语态 一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to doto have doneto be doing被动to be doneto have been done ing 形式主动doinghaving done 被动being donehaving been done 过去分词被动done 三.非谓语动词得句法功能:(一)动词不定式:to+do 1.不定式得否定式:not + to do(1)一般式:不定式得一般式所表示得动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 I'm glad to meet you、 He seems to know a lot、 (2)进行式:不定式得动作正在发生 The boy pretended to be working hard、 He seems to be reading in his room、 (3)完成式:不定式得完成式表示得动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 I regretted to have told a lie、 I happened to have seen the film、 2.不定式得句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard、★动词不定式短语作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正得主语不定式置于句后It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes、 It means failure to lose your heart、 (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall、 He appears to have caught a cold、 (3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用得动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。★it 作形式宾语,真正得宾语(不定式)后置 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia、 (4)作宾语补足语: With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema. 有些动词如 make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have 等与不带有 to 得不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加 to I saw him cross the road、 He was seen to cross the road、 (5)作定语: 动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰得名词或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend、 He found a good house to live ...
