动词一、动词与动词短语二 动词时态三 动词语态四 非谓语动词 一．动词与动词短语(一)动词分类动词就是表示动作或状态得词,按其词义与在句子中得作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词与情态动词。 1.行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词,可分为及物动词 (vt)与不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整得词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整得词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 如: More and more people study English、(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully、(vi) **常见得可带双宾得动词:“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)“一带”(bring),当直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加 to。如:My father gives me a book、 = My father gives a book to me、**buy, draw, make 三个动词接双宾时,如前所说,后面加 for。如:My parents bought me a nice backpack、 =My parents bought a nice backpack for me、 **不及物动词指不能直接接宾语得动词。自身意思完整,无需接宾语。大多数即可为及物也可不及物。Boys fly kites、 Birds can fly、**除此之外,实义动词还有延续性与非延续性之分。1)延续性动词就是表示动作可以延续,可以与表示一段时间得状语连用。如:live,stay, study, work, keep, teach, sleep, stand, walk, wait, read, watch 等。You can keep this book for two weeks、2) 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,表示一经发生立即结束得动作。如:open, close, buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, e, catch 等。如:I was a bit nervous before I arrived here、 2.连系动词 连系动词本身有一定得词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语, 说明主语得状态、性质、特征与身份。1)表状态得系动词:be, stay, keep, remain, stand(处于某种状态),如:He always keeps silent at meeting、 2)表感官、表象:look, feel,, seem, sound, taste, smell,appear(显得,瞧来), 如:It feels soft、 3)表转变与结果得系动词: get, turn, bee, grow,fall, go、 如:4)Our country is being stronger and stronger、 3.助动词 助动词本身无词义,不能单独作...
