摘要英国著名浪漫主义作家玛丽·雪莱(1797-1851)是英国著名思想家、社会活动家葛德文和著名女性主义运动先驱沃斯通克拉夫特的独生女,同时还是十九世纪英国著名诗人珀斯·雪莱的第二位妻子。《弗兰肯斯坦》是玛丽·雪莱在1818年创作的小说，被认为是世界上第一部真正意义上的科幻小说。对《弗兰肯斯坦》的解读有很多,从早期传记研究,女权主义分析,到马克思主义分析和弗洛伊德的精神分析解读等等,不一而足。而本文将分析其复杂的人性描写来进一步了解及欣赏其深刻的主题—人不能违背自然，充当造物主的角色，科学应当为人类带来福音而非灾难。本文首先从作者的生活经历，浪漫主义思想及歌特小说对她的影响来探讨玛丽·雪莱人性观的根源，更将结合《弗兰肯斯坦》中的人性描写来分析人类的造物主情结，俄狄浦斯情结及人的社会性。论文最后认为《弗兰肯斯坦》的悲剧和不幸不仅是寓言式的，而且是预言式的。本论文分析的现实意义在于在人类已掌握克隆技术的今天，不能盲目的追求科学，而需在人文精神指导下，合理的应用科学，使人性发展得到更大空间，使人与自然更加亲近和谐。关键词：玛丽·雪莱；《弗兰肯斯坦》；人性；AbstractMaryWollstonecraftGodwinShelleywasanimportantwriterduringtheageofRomanticisminEnglishliterature.Shewastheonlydaughteroftwoliterarycelebrities.HerfatherWilliamGodwinwasarevolutionaryphilosopherandnovelist.HermotherMaryWellstoneCraftwasinthevanguardoffeminism.Attheageofsixteen,shemetthefamousBritishpoet,PercyByssheShelley,whomshelatermarried.Bythetimeshewasnineteen,MaryShelleyhadwrittenoneofthemostfamousnovelspublishedin1818—Frankenstein,whichwasknownasthefirstsciencefictionintheworld.MaryShelley’sFrankensteinhasattractedawidevarietyofinterpretations,rangingfromearlierbiographicalstudy,thefeminist,totheMarxist,thepsychoanalyticandFreudianreading.Thisthesiswillfocusontheanalysisofthecomplicateddescriptionofhumannatureinthenoveltofurtherunderstandtheprofoundtheme—humanbeingsshouldnotrebelagainstnatureandscienceshouldpromotethewell-beingofmankindbutnotbringpeopledisasters.ThethesiswillfirstlyexpoundontheoriginofMaryShelley’sviewsonhumannatureaccordingtotheinfluencesfromGothicnovels,Romanticismandherlifeexperience.Thentheanalysiswillfocusonhuman’sGodComplex,OedipusComplexandhuman’ssocialityembodiedinthecomplicateddescriptioninFrankenstein.ThelastpartofthethesisadvocatesthatthetragedyinFrankensteinisnotafablebutaprediction.Withthecloningoflifeformsandgeneticengineeringnowcommonplace,humanbeingsshouldmakerationaluseofthesciencetechnologyandliveinharmonywithnature.Keywords:MaryShelley;Frankenstein;humannature;Contents1Introduction..........................................................................................12OriginofMaryShelley’sViewsonHumanNature....22.1InfluencefromGothicNovels.........................................................22.2InfluencefromRomanticism..........................................................32.3InfluencefromLifeExperiences....................................................33AnalysisofHumannatureinFrankenstein....................43.1Human’sGodComplex...................................................................43.2Human’sOedipusComplex............................................................63.3Human’sSociality.............................................................................84Realisticmeaningoftheanalysis........................................105Conclusion.......................................................................................12Bibliography.......................
