UnitFourBusinessTravelUnitObjectives(单元目标)Afterreadingthisunit,youshould?understandthewaystoidentifythemainideasofthesourcetext.?findwaystoimproveyourinterpretingskillsandperformance.?masterthebasicwordsandexpressionsaboutbusinesstravel.?knowsomeculturalbackgroundknowledgeaboutbusinesstravel.PreparingI.InterpretingSkills(口译技能)Readthefollowingpresentationaboutdiscourseanalysisandtrytounderstandthefourspeechtypesandknowhowtoidentifythemainideasofthesourcetext.Thencompletethefollowingtask:1.Listentothepassage,“MyfirstdayinNewYork”,andanswerthefollowingquestions:1).WhendidtheauthorfirstarriveintheUS?2).Whatdidtheauthordoonthewaytohishotel?3).Wheredidtheauthorgetsomethingtoeatafterhisfriendhadleft?4).Whycouldn’thehavewhathereallywantedattherestaurant?5).Whatdidtheauthordoafterdinner?2.Listentothepassageagainandtrytocatchmoredetails,thenretellthestoryinyourownwords.DecodingTraining(II):DiscourseAnalysis（语篇分析）Interpretingisto“understandandmakeunderstood”.Tointerpretthespeech,onemustfirstunderstandthemessageofthespeech.However,comprehension（理解）ofthesourcediscoursegoesbeyondthesimplerecognitionofwordsandlinguisticstructures.Theinterpretershallmakeananalysisofthesourcediscourse.Moreimportantly,theinterpretershallidentify（识别）thespeechtypeandknowhowtoidentifythemainideasoftheoriginalspeeches.IdentificationoftheSpeechTypesSpeechesarediversifiedservingdifferentoccasionsandpurposes.Itwillbeofgreathelptotheinterpretersiftheyknowthespeaker’sstyle.Inmostcases,speechesarepreparedbeforehand.Therefore,astudyofthedifferenttypesofwritinghelpsaninterpreteridentifythemainideaofagivenspeech.Followingarethebasictypesofwriting.1.DescriptiveWritingDescriptive（描述性的）writinginvolvesagreatdealofdetailedinformation.Adescriptivediscussionaimedatprovidingdetailsofanevent,ascene,aprocedure,orasituation.Thisspeechtypedemandsathoroughbackgroundinvestigationofthespeakerandtherelevantsituationbytheinterpreter.2.NarrativeWritingNarrative（叙述性的）writingfocusesonthedevelopmentofevents.Thereisnodoubtthattheinterpretershouldbeverysensitivetodates,timephrases,andverbtenseswhenanarrativespeechisdealtwith.3.ExpositiveWritingExpositive（说明性的）writingdealswithitssubjectmatterinsuchordersaschronological,spatial,comparison,anddefinition.Itwouldbetotheadvantageoftheinterpretertoconductabackgroundinvestigationofthespeakerandthesituation,forthatwouldprovidetheinterpreterwithnotonlythenecessaryglossarybutalsothespeaker’sstandpoint（立场）.4.PersuasiveWritingPersuasive（劝说性的）writersalwayswanttomaketheirargumentsclear,strongandconvincing.Whenthepurposeistoconvince,writersofpersuasivewritingmainlyemploytwotechniques--induction（归纳）anddeduction（推论）.Inductivewritingstartswithspecificexamplesorpointstodrawageneralconclusion,whiledeductivewritingillustratesitsthesisatfirstandthensupportsandreinforcesthethesisthroughspecificexamplesorsubordinateideas.IdentificationoftheMainIdeasInthecontextofinterpreting,themainideasofthesourcespeechcanbeidentifiedatthesentencelevelandatthediscourselevel.Priorityshouldalwaysbeattachedtoidentifyingthemainideaatthesentencelevel.Wearguethatidentificationofmainideasbedoneonthebasisofsentences.Traininginidentifyingthemainideasininterpretingshouldnaturallytakeplacefirstatthesentencelevel.1.SentenceLevelThemostimportanttaskforaninterpretertoidentifythem...
