焊接培训教材（供学习参考）焦作市巨行特种设备有限公司2010年5月22日第一章电焊条.....................................................4第一节焊条的组成及作用........................................4一、焊芯...........................................................4二、药皮...........................................................4第二节焊条的种类、型号及规格................................5一、焊条的种类及型号...............................................5二、酸性焊条与碱性焊条.............................................9第三节焊条的选用原则.........................................10一、等强度原则....................................................10二、等同性原则....................................................10三、等条件原则....................................................11第四节焊条的检验和保管...................................11一、焊条的检验....................................................11二、焊条的贮存、保管及烘干........................................12第二章焊接工艺.................................................12第一节坡口形式和焊接位置.....................................13一、手工电弧焊的坡口..............................................13二、手工电弧焊焊接位置............................................14第二节焊接工艺参数的选择...................................14一、焊条种类和牌号的选择..........................................15二、焊接电源种类和极性的选择......................................15三、焊条直径的选择................................................15四、焊接电流的选择................................................15五、电弧电压......................................................16六、焊接速度......................................................17七、焊接层数的选择................................................17第三节基本操作技术..........................................17一、引弧..........................................................17二、运条..........................................................18三、焊缝的起头....................................................20四、焊接的收尾....................................................20五、焊缝的接头....................................................21第四节定位焊与定位焊缝.......................................22第五节单面焊双面成形操作技术................................23一、单面焊双面成形接头形式........................................23二、加弧焊和断弧焊特点............................................23第六节各种位置的焊接........................................24一、平焊..........................................................24二、立焊..........................................................26三、横焊..........................................................28四、仰焊..........................................................29第三章锅炉压力容器常用钢材的焊接.................................31一、低碳钢的焊接..................................................31二、低合金高强度钢的焊接..........................................32三、珠光体耐热钢的焊接............................................37四、不锈钢的焊接..................................................39第一章电焊条第一节焊条的组成及作用涂有药皮的供手工电弧焊用的熔化电极叫电焊条，简称焊条。它由焊芯和药皮两部分组成。通常焊条引弧端有倒角，药皮被除去一部分，露出焊芯端头。有的焊条引弧端涂有黑色引弧剂，引弧更...
