乡村旅游定义及影响因素 文外文参考资料及译文格式VIP专享VIP免费

参考资料及译文译文题目：乡村旅游定义及影响因素原文：ThedefinitionandinfluencefactorsofruraltourismThisarticleintroducesthedefinitionandconnotationofruraltourism,therolethatruraltourismplayedintheprocessofeconomicdevelopmentandthefactorswhichinfluenceruraltourism.Generally,`ruraltourism'istourismthattakesplaceinthecountryside.Itisdefinedas"ademandfortouristicuseofaruralarea"(Gartner,2004,p.153).Oppermann(1996)defines`ruraltourism'astourismoccurringina"non-urbanterritorywherehumanactivityisoccurring,primarilyagriculture;apermanenthumanpresenceseemsaqualifyingrequirement"(p.88).Forexample,bedandbreakfastsvacations,recreationtrailnetworks,andharvestfestivals,areallsourcesof`ruraltourism'thatcanbefoundinsmalltowns.Oppermann(1996)emphasizesthatthetypeofaccommodationsusedbyruraltouristsisonekeyaspectindifferentiatingruraltourismfromothertypesoftourism.Lane(1994)suggeststhat`ruraltourism'existsasaconcept,andreflectsthedifferingandcomplexpatternofruralenvironment,economy,historyandlocation.`Ruraltourism'isdirectlyrelatedtotheparticularcharacteristicsofruralareas,anditisassumedthattheprincipalmotivationforvisitingthecountrysideistoexperienceitsrurality.Thismotivationjustifiesthedefinitionof`ruraltourism'asanidentifiabletypeoftourism,withruraltourismbeinganendontoitself一toexperiencethecountryside.Consideringthedemandandsupplyofruraltourism,itcanbedefinedmorespecifically.Demand-sideruraltourismisbasedonthenatureofthevisitorandisdefinedas"avisitbyapersontoanyplaceotherthanhisorherusualworkorhomeenvironmentandthatisoutsideaStandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea"(Greffe,1994,p.23).Ontheotherhand,supply-sideruraltourismismorefocusedonavisitors'placeofstay.Ruraltourismisalsoassociatedwithaparticularformofaccommodationthatofferstouristopportunitiestoparticipateinfarm-relatedactivities,suchasvegetablegardeningorcaringforanimals.Lobo(2001)defines`ruraltourism'as"recreationalexperienceinvolvingvisitstoruralsettingsorruralenvironmentsforthepurposeofparticipatinginorexperiencingactivities,eventsorattractionsnotreadilyavailableinurbanizedareas.Thesemaynotnecessarilybeagriculturalinnature."Ruraltouristactivitiesmightincludeacountry-sidetour;purchasinghoneyfromalocalfarm;orvisitsorchards,cheesefactoriesgreenhouses,pumpkinpatches,road-sidefruitandvegetablestands,nurseries,etc.Ruraltourismcanalsoincludeactivitiessuchas:participatinginfallcolortours;fishingIlocalstreams,rivers,orlakes;visitingamaplesugaringhouseinthespring;takingphotographsofbeautifulscenery;paintingthelandscape;hikingatrail;orvisitingabandonedraillines,conservationarea,orlocal,state,ornationalpark.Personswhoparticipateintheseandsimilaractivitiesareparticipatinginvariousformsofruraltourism(Buck,2004).Theconceptofruraltourismhasevolvedsubstantiallyinrecentyears.Oneaspectofthischangeisreflectedinthevocabularyusedtodescribevarioustypesofruraltourismactivities.Forexample,somestudiesrefertooutdoor-basedtourismas`ecotourism,'whileotherpublicationsusetheterm`nature-basedtourism'or`greentourism'(Stancliffe,1992).Althoughthesetwotermsarenottechnicallysynonymous;theterm`ecotourism'suggestsactivitiesthatpromoteconservationofnature,while`nature-basedtourism'isevocativeofabroaderspectrumofoutdoor-basedrecreationincludinghunting,fishing,camping,andtheuseofrecreationalvehicles.Thesenewtermsreflectnewperspectivesinthetourismindustry.Thedefinitionofr...